热解是实现低阶煤分质利用的重要途径。提高煤热解的焦油收率和调控煤焦油的组成分布是实现煤热解定向转化的关键问题。本文选择宝鸡招贤褐煤（ZXC）为研究对象，探讨了甲醇气氛下煤的热解过程（CP-M）的焦油收率及其组成变化规律；以神府红柳林煤（SFC）为研究对象，探讨了甲醇水蒸气重整(SRM)与煤热解耦合过程（CP-SRM）的产物分布及焦油形成规律。主要研究结果如下： 通过GC、GC-MS等分析手段，在固定床反应器上，重点研究了甲醇气氛对ZXC热解焦油收率和组成的影响。结果表明，随着热解温度的升高，焦油收率，以及焦油中苯、酚含量在550 ℃达到最高，而萘、菲和蒽逐渐增加；热解气体产物中各组分含量在600 ℃达到最大。随着甲醇流量的增大，焦油收率变化不明显，焦油中苯、萘、菲和蒽等芳烃及热解气中各组分含量逐渐增大，而焦油中酚及脂肪烃的含量逐渐降低。CP-M最佳热解反应条件为：热解温度550 ℃，甲醇流量300 mL/min，焦油收率最高达到14.9 %。推测其作用机理为甲醇溶胀使煤大分子中弱键更易断裂，形成更多自由基碎片，其与甲醇裂解产生的H•、•CH3结合，提高了焦油收率。 通过XRD、TPR、GC和GC-MS等分析方法，在固定床反应器上，主要研究了催化剂、热解温度、水醇比及流量等因素对SFC的CP-SRM耦合过程焦油产物收率及组成的影响。结果表明，催化剂对耦合过程催化效果优劣顺序为Z111＞Z205＞FFT-1B＞FHUDS-6。随着热解温度的升高，CP-SRM耦合过程焦油产率及焦油中苯、酚、萘、菲和蒽含量先增大后减小，在550℃达到最高。随着水醇流量的增大，焦油收率及其萘、菲和蒽的含量先增加后减少，苯含量变化不大，酚含量逐渐降低。随着水醇比的增大，焦油收率及焦油中酚、萘、菲和蒽类组分的含量均先增加后减小，在水醇比为1.2时达到最高；CP-SRM耦合过程最佳反应条件为：催化剂Z111，热解温度550 ℃，水醇比1.2，水醇流量为300 mL/min。在此条件下，焦油收率最高可达到16.1 %。耦合作用机理为：一方面是未完全参与耦合反应的甲醇对煤大分子有溶胀作用，使其弱键更易断裂，形成更多自由基碎片；另一方面，SRM过程生成的的H•、•CH3、•OCH3等自由基稳定了煤裂解自由基碎片，提高了焦油收率。

Pyrolysis is an important way to realize grading utilization of coal. The key problem to realize the directional transformation of coal pyrolysis is to improve the tar yield and to control the composition distribution of tar. In this paper, the variation rules of tar yield and composition in coal pyrolysis process under methanol atmosphere (CP-M) of Baoji ZhaoXian lignite (ZXC) was investigated. Then the products distribution and tar formation rules in the integrated process of coal pyrolysis with steam reforming of methanol of Shenfu HongLiuLin coal (SFC) was conducted. The main conclusions are as follows: The effect of methanol atmosphere on tar yield and composition of ZXC pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor was investigated by GC-MS, GC. The results showed that with the increase of pyrolysis temperatures, tar yield, as well as the contents of benzene and phenols in tar reached the highest value at 550 C, while the contents of naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene in tar increased. The contents of pyrolysis gases reached the maximum value at 600 ℃. With the increase of methanol flow rate, the tar yield changed not obviously, while contents of pyrolysis gases and contents of benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene in tar increased, the contents of phenols and aliphatic hydrocarbons in tar decreased. The optimum pyrolysis conditions of CP-M of ZXC are as follows: pyrolysis temperature is 550 ℃, the methanol flow rate is 300 mL/min, and the tar yield can be achieved 14.9 %. The mechanism of CP-M of ZXC can be conjectured that methanol swelling makes the weak bond in coal macromolecules fracture more easily, forming more radical fragments, which are combined with H•、•CH3 produced from methanol cracking to improve the tar yield. The effect of catalysts, pyrolysis temperatures, molar ratio of water to methanol (S/M ratio) and flow rate of water and methanol on tar composition and distribution of SFC pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor were investigated by XRD, TPR, GC ,GC-MS. The results showed that the order of catalystic effect of catalysts in the integrated process is Z111＞Z205＞FFT-1B＞FHUDS-6. And, with the increase of pyrolysis temperatures, tar yield and the content of benzene, phenols, naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene in tar increased firstly and then decreased, and the maximum value was obtained at 550℃. With the increase of flow rate of water and methanol, tar yield and the content of naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene in tar increased firstly and then decreased, while the content of phenols decreased and the content of benzene changed little. With the increase of S/M ratio, tar yield and the content of phenols, naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene in tar increased firstly and then decreased, and reached the maximum value at S/M ratio 1.2. The optimum pyrolysis conditions of CP-SRM are as follows: catalyst is Z111, pyrolysis temperature is 550 ℃, mechanism of integrated process could be divided in two segments. On the one hand, the methanol that isn’t involved in the coupling reaction shows swelling effect on coal macromolecule and then makes the weak bond easier breakage, so more free radical fragements are produced. On the other hand, H•、•CH3 and •OCH3 produced from SRM stabilize free radical fragements, improving the tar yield.