火灾作为各类事故中发生最为普遍的灾害之一，不仅造成较大的经济损失和人员伤亡，同时对城市公共安全和工业发展造成了极大的威胁。细水雾作为绿色、环保高效的灭火剂应用广泛，但是普通的纯水细水雾灭火系统仅发挥其物理灭火作用，灭火效率低，因此本文通过Cup-Burner实验装置，研究了纯细水雾、含磷盐细水雾及它们分别与惰性气体复合灭火剂熄灭乙醇火和庚烷火的灭火性能，并通过化学灭火效能模型及协同因子模型来研究不同灭火剂的灭火机制及灭火过程中的相互作用。主要研究内容及结论如下：

（1）通过对单一灭火剂纯细水雾及惰性气体的灭火实验研究发现：N₂熄灭乙醇火和正庚烷火的最小灭火体积分数分别为34.92%和31.97%，CO₂熄灭乙醇火和正庚烷火的最小灭火体积分数分别为24.43%和22.08%，纯细水雾熄灭乙醇火和正庚烷火的最小灭火浓度分别为26.4%和25.1%，它们单一的灭火体积分数与氧化剂流量大小无关。将纯细水雾与两种惰性气体复配发现N₂与纯细水雾存在相互促进的协同灭火效应，而CO₂与纯细水雾协同效应不明显。

（2）通过对含磷盐添加剂细水雾灭火效果研究发现：含植酸钠、磷酸二氢铵、次磷酸镁、次磷酸钙四类磷盐细水雾均能提高纯细水雾的灭火能力，综合来看灭火效率植酸钠＞次磷酸镁＞磷酸二氢铵＞次磷酸钙。其中含次磷酸镁和磷酸二氢铵细水雾均随着质量分数的增加最小灭火浓度降低，当质量分数为5%时，灭火效果最佳。而含植酸钠细水雾和次磷酸钙细水雾随着质量分数的增加，其最小灭火浓度会先降低后增加且当质量分数为3%时，灭火效果达到最佳。

（3）其次，通过对含添加剂细水雾灭火过程研究发现：各类灭火介质与乙醇和正庚烷火焰作用其火焰形态变化过程有较为明显的区别，但大体均经历了改变火焰颜色-增加火焰高度-火焰出现褶皱部分脱离杯口-火焰完全脱离杯口熄灭四个阶段，火焰根部失稳脱离燃烧杯杯口是火焰熄灭的关键。

（4）为了对单一及复合灭火剂灭火机制进行更为细致的研究，根据热平衡方程得到了能够预测最小灭火浓度模型及量化不同种类磷盐细水雾的化学灭火效能模型和量化不同种类磷盐细水雾与惰性气体复合灭火剂化学灭火效能的模型。根据模型计算得到气液复合灭火剂的灭火效果排序为：含植酸钠细水雾-惰性气体>含次磷酸镁细水雾-惰性气体>含磷酸二氢铵细水雾-惰性气体>含次磷酸钙细水雾-惰性气体与化学灭火作用一致。说明磷盐的加入能提高化学作用进而提升细水雾的灭火效率。且通过对单一灭火剂物理化学作用量化发现，单一灭火剂细水雾、氮气和二氧化碳在熄灭火焰过程中物理热容吸热作用占据主导地位。

（5）通过建立协同因子模型表示复合灭火剂相互之间灭火作用的影响。对于气液复合灭火剂氮气-含磷盐添加剂细水雾复合灭火剂，氮气的加入明显提升了细水雾的灭火效率，随着氮气体积分数的增加，含添加剂细水雾灭火浓度减小，化学作用增强。但是二氧化碳的加入相对于氮气，化学抑制作用提升较小，同时氮气与含磷盐添加剂细水雾表现出正协同作用，而二氧化碳与含磷盐添加剂细水雾协同作用不明显。这是因为在抑制熄灭火焰过程中，二者发挥着不同作用并具有良好的协同性，吸热冷却、稀释氧气、化学抑制3种作用同时存在，互相竞争，最终达到平衡。

As one lor='red'>of the most common disasters in all kinds lor='red'>of accidents, fire not only causes great economic losses and casualties, but also poses a great threat to urban public safety and industrial development. Water mist is widely used as a green, environmentally friendly and efficient fire extinguishing agent, but the ordinary pure water mist fire extinguishing system only exerts its physical fire extinguishing effect, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is low. Therefore, this paper studies the pure water mist through the Cup-Burner experimental device. The fire-extinguishing performance lor='red'>of ethanol fire and heptane fire by compound fire-extinguishing agent with inert gas, phosphorus-containing salt water mist and them respectively, and the fire-extinguishing mechanism lor='red'>of different fire-extinguishing agents and the fire-extinguishing process lor='red'>of fire-extinguishing process were studied through chemical fire-extinguishing efficiency model and synergistic factor model. interaction. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:

(1) Through the fire extinguishing experiments lor='red'>of pure water mist and inert gas as a single fire extinguishing agent, it is found that the minimum extinguishing volume fractions lor='red'>of N₂ extinguishing ethanol fire and n-heptane fire are 34.92% and 31.97%, respectively, and CO₂ extinguishing ethanol fire and n-heptane fire. The minimum extinguishing volume fractions lor='red'>of pure water mist were 24.43% and 22.08%, respectively, and the minimum extinguishing concentrations lor='red'>of pure water mist extinguishing ethanol fire and n-heptane fire were 26.4% and 25.1%, respectively. Their single extinguishing volume fraction had nothing to do with the flow rate lor='red'>of oxidant. Combining pure water mist and two inert gases, it is found that N₂ and pure water mist have a synergistic fire-fighting effect that promotes each other, while CO₂ and pure water mist have no obvious synergistic effect.

(2) Through the research on the fire extinguishing effect lor='red'>of water mist containing phosphorus salt additives, it is found that the water mist containing four types lor='red'>of phosphorus salts, including sodium phytate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium hypophosphite, and calcium hypophosphite, can improve the fire extinguishing effect lor='red'>of pure water mist. In general, the fire extinguishing efficiency is sodium phytate>magnesium hypophosphite> ammonium dihydrogen phosphate>calcium hypophosphite. Among them, the water mist containing magnesium hypophosphite and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate both decreased with the increase lor='red'>of mass fraction, and the minimum extinguishing concentration decreased. When the mass fraction was 5%, the fire extinguishing effect was the best. With the increase lor='red'>of mass fraction lor='red'>of sodium phytate fine water mist and calcium hypophosphite fine water mist, the minimum fire extinguishing concentration will first decrease and then increase, and when the mass fraction is 3%, the fire extinguishing effect is the best.

 (3) Secondly, through the research on the fire extinguishing process lor='red'>of fine water mist containing additives, it is found that there are obvious differences in the flame shape change process lor='red'>of various fire extinguishing media and ethanol and n-heptane flames, but generally they have experienced the change lor='red'>of flame color-increased flame. Height - the wrinkled part lor='red'>of the flame is separated from the cup mouth - the flame is completely separated from the cup mouth and extinguished in four stages.

 (4) In order to conduct a more detailed study on the fire extinguishing mechanism lor='red'>of single and compound fire extinguishing agents, according to the heat balance equation, a chemical fire extinguishing efficiency model that can predict the minimum fire extinguishing concentration and quantify the water mist lor='red'>of different types lor='red'>of phosphorus salts and quantify different types lor='red'>of phosphorus salts are obtained. Modeling lor='red'>of chemical fire-extinguishing efficacy lor='red'>of water mist and inert gas composite fire extinguishing agents. According to the model calculation, the fire extinguishing effect lor='red'>of the gas-liquid composite fire extinguishing agent is ranked as follows: water mist containing sodium phytate-inert gas>water mist containing magnesium hypophosphite-inert gas>water mist containing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-inert gas>containing Calcium hypophosphite water mist-inert gas is consistent with chemical fire extinguishing effect. It shows that the addition lor='red'>of phosphorus salt can improve the chemical effect and then improve the fire extinguishing efficiency lor='red'>of water mist. And through the quantification lor='red'>of the physical and chemical effects lor='red'>of a single fire extinguishing agent, it is found that the single fire extinguishing agent water mist, nitrogen and carbon dioxide play a dominant role in the physical heat capacity and heat absorption in the process lor='red'>of extinguishing the flame.

(5) By establishing a synergistic factor model, the influence lor='red'>of the fire-extinguishing effect lor='red'>of the compound fire extinguishing agents on each other is represented. For the gas-liquid composite fire extinguishing agent nitrogen-phosphorus-containing salt additive water mist composite fire extinguishing agent, the addition lor='red'>of nitrogen significantly improves the fire extinguishing efficiency lor='red'>of the water mist. Enhanced chemical action. However, compared with nitrogen, the addition lor='red'>of carbon dioxide has a small increase in chemical inhibition. At the same time, nitrogen and phosphorus-containing salt additive fine water mist show a positive synergistic effect, while carbon dioxide and phosphorus-containing salt additive water mist synergy is not obvious. This is because in the process lor='red'>of suppressing the flame, the two play different roles and have good synergy. The three effects lor='red'>of endothermic cooling, oxygen dilution, and chemical suppression exist simultaneously, compete with each other, and finally reach a balance.

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