含油污泥是石油开采、运输、加工、炼制等过程中产生的危险废物。传统含油污泥处理技术难度大，成本高。本文用含油污泥生产煤炭浮选剂，不仅能有效消除污染，实现含油污泥资源化利用，而且降低了浮选成本。 对延长集团下寺湾采油厂的含油污泥进行了工业分析、元素分析以及粘度、凝点、密度等基本性质测定。结果表明：含油污泥含油量较高，为43.01%，粘度为1081 mPa•s，密度为0.99 g/m3，凝点为28.5 ℃，流动性较差。 以含油污泥为原料制备出含油污泥乳化液，并对其类型、稳定性、分散性等进行了表征。以含油污泥乳化液作为煤炭浮选捕收剂对3种不同变质程度的煤样进行浮选试验。结果表明：含油污泥乳化液为水包油型，平均粒径为4.8 μm，稳定性可达90 d不分层；韩城煤的最佳浮选条件为：捕收剂用量9.0 kg/t，起泡剂用量0.3 kg/t，矿浆浓度100 g/L；太西煤的最佳浮选条件为：捕收剂用量3.0 kg/t，起泡剂用量0.2 kg/t，矿浆浓度100 g/L；富县煤的最佳浮选条件为：捕收剂用量1.0 kg/t，起泡剂用量0.1 kg/t，矿浆浓度100 g/L。含油污泥乳化液的浮选性能优于煤油，且成本显著降低。含油污泥乳化液作为煤炭浮选捕收剂对韩城煤所有粒级的煤粒均有较好的选择性，对大颗粒的可浮性较好；对太西煤所有粒级的煤粒均有较好的选择性，对细颗粒的可浮性较好；对富县煤泥中粒度较大的有较好的选择性和可浮性。 分析了含油污泥乳化液作为捕收剂的浮选机理。与含油污泥乳化液作用后，煤样接触角均有不同程度增大、煤粒表面疏水官能团数量增多、Zeta电位绝对值降低，提高了煤粒表面的疏水性和可浮性。

Oily sludge is a hazardous waste in the exploitation, transportation, processing and refining process of crude oil. Traditional oily sludge treatment technology is difficult and suffers from high cost. This paper focuses on the preparation and application of coal flotation agent from oily sludge, which effectively eliminate pollution and realize the resource utilization of oily sludge, and reduce the flotation costs. This paper systematically tested the basic properties of oily sludge from Yanchang Petroleum Group Xiasiwan oil production factory, such as industrial analysis, element analysis, viscosity, freezing point and density etc. The results showed that the oil content of oil sludge was 43.01%, the viscosity was 1081 mPa•s, the density was 0.99 g/m3, the solidifying point was 28.5 ℃, and the oily sludge’s liquidity was poor. Oily sludge was adopted as main raw material to prepare oily sludge emulsion, and the type, stability and dispersion of the emulsion were characterized. In order to investigate the coal flotation performance of the oily sludge emulsions, the experiment used 3 kinds of different coalification range. The results showed that the oily sludge emulsions were of oil-in-water type. The average size of the oily sludge emulsions was about 4.8 μm. The oily sludge emulsions kept stable for 90 d at room temperature. The optimum conditions for the Hancheng coal flotation was as follows: the collector concentration was 9.0 kg/t, the foaming agent concentration was 0.3 kg/t and the coal pulp concentration was 100 g/L; The optimum conditions for the Taixi coal flotation was as follows: the collector concentration was 3.0 kg/t, the foaming agent concentration was 0.2 kg/t and the coal pulp concentration was 100 g/L; The optimum conditions for the Fuxian coal flotation was as follows: the collector concentration was 1.0 kg/t, the foaming agent concentration was 0.1 kg/t and the coal pulp concentration was 100 g/L; The coal flotation performance of the Oily sludge emulsions was better than that of kerosene, while the former was much cheaper. The coal flotation with the oily sludge emulsions as collector had better selective in all particles of Hancheng coal and better flotability in large particles; It had better selective in all particles of Taixi coal and better flotability in small particles; It had better selective and flotability in large particles of Fuxian coal. This article analyzed the flotation mechanism of oily sludge emulsion as collector. The results showed that the contact angle of the coal sample treated with oily sludge emulsion can be increased to different extent, the number of hydrophobic functional group on coal particle surface was increased, the absolute value of Zeta potential was decreased, and the hydrophobicity and flotability of coal particle surface improved.