在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展背景下，研究流域生态系统服务之间的复杂关系对区域生态重建具有重要意义。而黄土高原流域尺度主要生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系有待深入探析。本文以泾河流域为研究对象，基于SWAT模型和InVEST模型，借助生产可能性边界（帕累托曲线）定量化分析2000-2020年泾河流域生态系统土壤保持服务、产水服务以及生境质量三者之间的权衡与协同关系，并探讨不同地形条件下权衡与协同关系的变化机制。主要结论如下：

（1）泾河流域2000-2020年主要生态系统服务时空变化显著。产水服务多年均值为243.76mm，多集中于5-10月份，空间上集中于流域中部及南部地区，且服务功能随着高程的增加和坡度的降低而提高；同时多年平均土壤保持量为4.21×10⁸t，土壤保持量受地形影响明显，随坡度增高而增高，随高程增高先降后升，在六盘山地区较大；受地形影响显著，生境质量随坡度增加而增加，随高程增加持续下降。生境退化与城镇扩张紧密相关，而子午岭与六盘山地区生境质量较高。

（2）产水服务与土壤保持、生境质量与土壤保持之间是协同关系，随着一种服务的累积，另一种服务呈加速增长态势。但产水服务与生境质量之间是权衡关系，生境质量越高越不利于产水，而且这种权衡关系在逐渐减弱。同时生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系在不同阶段表现不同并有尺度效应，即子流域尺度下各类服务之间的相关性与全流域尺度存在差异。

（3）不同地形条件下权衡与协同关系的变化有一定的规律性。高程的变化对权衡与协同的累积效益产生了影响，在高程1245-1627m范围内表现更为显著。而在人类活动干扰下坡度对不同服务之间的权衡与协同关系的影响效应差异较大。

In the context of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, it is of great significance to study the complex relationship among ecosystem services in the basin for regional ecological reconstruction. The trade-offs and synergies of major ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau need to be further analyzed at basin scale. The paper took the Jinghe River Basin as the research object, based on the SWAT model and the InVEST model, and used the production possibility frontier (Pareto curve) to quantitatively analyze the soil conservation services, water production services and habitat quality in the Jinghe River Basin ecosystem from 2000 to 2020. The trade-offs and synergies among them are discussed, and the changing mechanisms of that under different terrain conditions are discussed.The main conclusions showed that:

(1) The spatiotemporal changes of major ecosystem services in the Jinghe River Basin from 2000 to 2020 were significant. The mean annual value of water production service is 243.76mm, which is mostly concentrated in May-October, and spatially concentrated in the central and southern areas of the basin, and the service function improves with the increase of elevation and the decrease of slope. At the same time, the mean annual soil conservation amount is 4.21 ×10⁸t, and the soil conservation capacity is obviously affected by terrain, and increased with the increase of slopeand reduced first and increased later with the increase of elevation, which is relatively large in Liupan Mountains area. Significantly affected by terrain, the habitat quality increases with the increase of the slope and decreases constantly with the increase of the elevation. Habitat degradation is closely related to urbanization, and the habitat quality of Ziwuling forest region and Liupan Mountains is relatively high.

(2) There is a synergistic relationship between water production service and soil conservation and between habitat quality and soil conservation. With the accumulation of one service, another service shows an accelerated growth trend. But there is a trade-off relationship between water production service and habitat quality. The higher the habitat quality, the less conducive the water production. In addition, the trade-off relationship between water production services and habitat quality is gradually weakening. At the same time, the trade-off and synergistic relationship between ecosystem services is different at different stages and has scale effects. That is, the correlation among various services at the sub-basin scale is different from that of the whole basin scale.

(3) There are certain regularities in the changes of the trade-off and synergy relationship under different terrain conditions. The changes in elevation have an impact on the cumulative benefits of trade-offs and synergy, which is more pronounced in the elevation range of 1245-1627m. However, under the disturbance of human activities, the influence of slope on the trade-off and synergy between different ecosystem services varies greatly.

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