农村公路是社会主义新农村建设的重要基础设施，对农村经济发展、农业产业结构调整、人民群众安全便捷出行产生了重要影响，在经济社会发展全局中具有至关重要的作用。传统的农村公路管理方式日益不能满足需要，地理信息系统以强大的数据可视化、空间数据库管理以及空间分析能力，为公路的信息化提供了强有力的工具，构建基于GIS技术的农村公路地理信息系统非常必要。 本文深入研究地理信息系统技术相关理论，根据农村公路实际需求和数据特点，建立湖南省农村公路地理信息系统。在详细分析系统用户和系统功能的基础上，设计系统总体框架和功能模块。利用空间数据分层技术、空间数据库地理数据模型以及对象-关系数据管理技术建立公路地理信息数据库，较好的实现了多元基础地理空间数据的时空统一和共享。利用.Net开发语言调用ArcEngine组件库的组件集成二次开发，最终完成系统的构建，实现了海量数据管理、地图浏览与编辑、道路管理、图层管理、空间分析、专题图件输出等功能。系统在开发过程中充分考虑到公路数据的安全性，运用多种现代化技术对数据进行安全管理。 本系统已经在湖南省得到较好的应用，改变了传统的管理模式，实现了文字和图形一体化操作，为湖南省农村公路建设提供了更好的分析、管理、决策平台，具有一定的现实意义和创新性。

Rural road is an important infrastructure for the construction of new social country, having significant influence on the followings: the country economical development, the adjustment of agriculture industrial structure and the safety and convenient traffic for the people traveling. Although the country road has remarkable function in the whole social economical development, the traditional road management can’t make it day after day, Geographic Information System provides a set of tools for the highway Information management with its powerful visualization, spatial database management and spatial analysis functions .It’s necessary to develop rural road Information management system based on GIS. The related theory of the GIS technology is researched deeply in this issue, This paper builds Hunan rural road Geographic Information System according to the actual requirement and the data characters of the country road. The system frame and function module are designed based on the detailed analysis of system users and system functions. The road geometrical information database is built based on such technologies as. space data hierarchical technology, geometry data model of space data base and data management technology of object-relation. And realized the spatial-temporal management and sharing of multi-level geo-spatial data in a better way, the system was built with the integrated secondary development of ArcGIS Engine elements base invoked by .net language, accomplishing the functions as following: huge capacity data management, map browsing and editing, road information management, layer management, space analyzing, and data output and so on. The security of the road data is considered fully and various of modern techniques are used for the data security management in the development of the system. This system has applied well in Hunan province, it makes a greatly changing in rural road information management model, and providing a good platform of analyzing, managing and decision-making for the rural road construction of Hunan province, having some practical significance and innovative.