钛及钛合金具有密度低、比强度高、抗蚀性能佳等优点，成为航空航天领域理想 的结构材料。而航空工业的高速发展对其构件性能愈加要求苛刻，传统观念下，研究 者总是追求钛基复合材料的增强相和基体呈均匀分布，仅产生有限的增强。因此，本 文以石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）为增强体，广泛应用的纯钛和 Ti-6Al-4V（TC4）为基体， 利用粉末冶金调控 GNPs 的分布形态及基体的变形建立复合材料的多尺度结构，改善 其性能。通过光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）、 拉曼光谱（Raman）、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和 X 射线衍射仪（XRD）等表征复合 粉体形貌及特性、材料组织结构等，测试了复合材料硬度、压缩等力学性能，探究不 同高能球磨体系下石墨烯及尺度结构对其组织与力学行为的影响。 利用不同高能球磨时间（0、2、5、10、15 h）制备单尺度构型 GNPs/TC4 复合材 料，随球磨时间增加，复合粉体细化越明显，同时原位生成 TiC。烧结后复合材料晶粒 逐级细化，晶界 TiC 相层逐渐变厚，改善强度和硬度，塑性下降。球磨 10 h 时，强度 （1929 MPa）和塑性（17%）达到良好平衡，15h 时强度最高。 利用不同粗细晶比例（9:1、8:2、7:3、6:4、5:5）建立双尺度构型 GNPs/TC4 复合 材料，采用最高强度球磨粉体为细晶粉体与 GNPs 球磨混合，再加入粗晶粉体即原始 TC4。随细晶含量增加，“核-壳”结构越明显，细晶“壳”层变厚，提升强度和硬度， 降低塑性。强塑性匹配最佳的条件为 7:3，其屈服强度 1287 MPa，延伸率 13%。 利用三种不同球磨工艺并引入不同 GNPs 含量制备分级复合构型 GNPs/Ti 复合材 料。分步加入 GNPs 时，组织存在多种的 TiC 形态且石墨烯较完整，提高强度。分步 加入 Ti 时，形成非均质结构，晶粒间应力重新分布，改善塑性。随 GNPs 含量增加， 强度增大，分步加 Ti 的 0.5 wt.%GNPs/Ti 复合材料压缩屈服 1256 MPa，硬度为 480 HV， 比纯钛分别高出 402%和 238%。较于对照组复合材料均质组织的有限增强，非均质组 织晶粒尺寸差异造成位错塞积，使其具有协调变形能力，改善材料力学性能。

As promising structural materials used for aerospace applications, titanium and titanium alloy owns many advantages of low density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and so on. However, with the rapid development of aviation industry, the performance of components is increasingly demanding. While affected by conventional view, researchers always pursue the goal of uniform distribution of reinforcing phase and matrix about titanium matrix composites, and only produce limiting strengthening effect. In this paper, graphene nanoplates (GNPs) as reinforcement, widely used pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) as matrix, the distribution and morphology of GNPs and the deformation matrix were controlled by powder metallurgy to establish multi-scale structure of the composites to improve performance. By optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the morphology and properties of composite powder and materials were characterized. Besides, the hardness and compression performance of composites as mechanical property were tested. The effects of graphene and scale-structure on composites microstructure and mechanical behavior in different high-energy ball milling systems were investigated. The single-scale configuration GNPs/TC4 composites were prepared by different high-energy ball milling times (0,2,5,10,15 h). With the increasing time, the refinement of the composite powder became more obvious, and TiC was formed in situ. After sintering, the grains of composites were refined step by step, and the TiC phase layer at grain boundary was gradually thickened, improving the strength and hardness. But the plasticity decreased. After milling for 10 h, the strength (1929 MPa) and plasticity (17%) reached a good balance, and 15h sample reached the highest strength. The dual-scale configuration GNPs/TC4 composites were constructed by different grain size ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5). The ball milling powder with the highest strength as fine grain powder was mixed with GNPs, and then the coarse grain powder as original TC4 was added. With the increase of fine grain content, the "core-shell" structure became more obvious. The "shell" layer of fine grain became thicker, the strength and hardness increased, and plasticity decreased. The optimum ratio of better strength and plasticity matching was 7:3, thus the yield strength was 1287 MPa and the elongation was 13%. The hierarchical configuration GNPs/Ti composites were prepared by three different ball milling processes with the introduction of different GNPs contents. When GNPs was added hierarchically, a variety of TiC existed on microstructure and GNPs kept a better structural integrity, which improved the strength. When Ti was added hierarchically, the heterogeneous structure was formed, redistributing the stress between grains, leading a better plasticity. The compressive yield of 0.5 wt.% GNPs/Ti composite was 1256 MPa and the hardness was 480 HV, which was 402% and 238% higher than that of pure titanium, respectively. Compared with the limiting strengthening of the homogeneous composites in the control group, the difference of grain size in the heterogeneous composites caused dislocation pile-up, which made the composites own the coordinated deformation ability and improve the mechanical properties of material

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