煤泥作为煤炭洗选过程中的一种固体废弃物，产量巨大，无法有效利用。目前已有 煤泥浮选企业中，浮选药剂成本较高，且浮选精煤仍用作传统燃料。因此，如何优化浮 选药剂对提高煤泥浮选效率、降低成本具有重要的硬实意义。本论文结合南梁煤矿选煤 厂现有煤泥浮选生产线，主要针对浮选药剂优化，提升精煤产率为目标，围绕煤泥的工 业分析，复配捕收剂、捕收剂微乳液的配制、表征与浮选效果开展工作。在此基础上， 将浮选所得精煤制备成碳纳米纤维膜，探索其在光热蒸发海水淡化领域的应用。主要研 究内容和成果如下： （1）煤油复配捕收剂煤泥浮选效果研究。研究煤油与不同捕收剂复配浮选效果；研 究了煤泥与浮选后精煤组成、结构、表面亲疏水性能的变化。结果表明，使用仲辛醇做 为起泡剂，油酸甲酯与煤油质量比为 1:6 时，浮选效果最优，精煤产率由 43.14%提高到 61.70%，对应的灰分为 9.61%。 （2）煤油微乳液的配制及煤泥浮选效果研究。系统研究了表面活性剂与助乳化剂种 类、油水比、HLB 值对配制微乳液以及煤泥浮选效果的影响。表征了最优微乳液的粒径、 类型等性质。结果表明，以 Span80+Tween80 为乳化剂，正丁醇为助乳化剂，油水比为 4:1，HLB=9 的所配制的微乳液浮选效果最佳，精煤产率达 65.12%，可燃体回收率和浮 选完善指标分别为 94.78%和 72.50%。 （3）煤基碳纳米纤维的制备及光热蒸发性能研究。将浮选精煤氧化处理，通过静电 纺丝技术与炭化处理，制备了碳纳米纤维膜，研究了煤添加量、炭化温度对制备煤基碳 纤维光热蒸发性能的影响。结果表明，精煤与 PAN 比例为 1:1，炭化温度为 500℃时， 制备的煤基碳纤维膜光热性能最优，在 1 光强下，光热蒸发速率和光热转换效率分别为 1.53 kg m-2 h -1和 99.82%。

As a kind of solid waste in the process of coal washing, coal slime has a huge output and cannot be used effectively. In the current coal slime flotation enterprises, the cost of flotation reagent is high, and the flotation cleaned coal is still used as traditional fuel. Therefore, how to optimize flotation agents to improve the efficiency of slime flotation and reduce the cost has important practical significance. In this thesis, based on the existing slime flotation production line of Nanliang mine, we aim to optimize flotation agents and improve the yield of cleaned coal. We focused on the industrial analysis of slime, the preparation, characterization and flotation effect of compound collector and collector microemulsion. On this basis, carbon nanofiber membrane was prepared from the cleaned coal obtained by flotation, and its application for the water desalination by solar thermal evaporation was explored. The main contents and results are as follows: (1) Study on the slime flotation of based on kerosene compound collectors. The flotation effects of kerosene mixed with different collectors were studied. The composition, structure and surface hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of coal slime and cleaned coal after flotation were characterized. The results showed that the best flotation effect was achieved when the mass ratio of methyl oleate to kerosene is 1:6. The yield of cleaned coal increased from 43.14% to 61.70%, and the corresponding ash content was 9.61%. (2) Study on preparation and flotation effect of coal slime based on kerosene microemulsion. The effects of surfactant and coemulsifier type, oil/water ratio, HLB value on the preparation process and flotation of coal slime were systematically investigated. The particle size and type of the optimal microemulsion were characterized. The results showed that the optimium microemulsion for flotation was prepared with Span80+Tween80 as emulsifier, nbutanol as coemulsifier, oil-water ratio of 4:1 and HLB of 9. The refined coal yield reached 65.10%, and the combustible body recovery and flotation perfection index were 94.78% and 72.50%, respectively. (3) Preparation and solar thermal evaporation of coal-based carbon nanofibers. Carbon nanofiber films were prepared from oxided cleaned coal after flotation by electrospinning and carbonization treatment. The effects of coal addition amount and carbonization temperature on the solar thermal evaporation performance of coal-based carbon fibers were studied. The results showed that, the best solar thermal performance was achieved for the coal-based carbon fiber film when the ratio of cleaned coal to PAN is 1:1 and the carbonization temperature is 500℃. Under 1 light intensity, the evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency are 1.53 kg m-2 h -1 and 99.82%, respectively.