随着数据采集技术的发展与多领域用户的需求，单一的采集设备已经不能满足数据采集系统的需求。本设计主要研究对象为自适应光谱仪采集的光学信号，在实际运用过程中，光学信号的采集受到地域位置的限制，需要便捷的设备完善光学信号的研究。因此为解决原来依靠独立的硬件实现运算与分析功能模块的复杂性，USB发挥了自身独特的优势。 本文结合光学精密研究所863计划关于光谱仪的研究项目，根据采集到的光学信息，在后期对其处理及其传输进行研究，即对光学信号的传输，转换以及界面显示存储方面做了详细分析，并提出了基于USB数据采集系统的实现方案。 本文主要运用到的操作系统为Windows XP，软件为VC++，运用的语言有：C语言，部分汇编语言。重点对硬件电路、固件程序、USB设备驱动程序和PC机应用程序的设计实现进行了深入论述。本文基于USB的传输优势，FPGA的高效性能，将采集到的光信号经模数转换后由FPGA处理控制数据，通过USB控制接口将数字信号传输到上位机，用户通过上位机对采集到的数据进行处理，实现如控制采集，读取数据，存储数据，转换数据等功能。文章围绕设计目标，从整体方案、芯片选择、控制传输软件的设计、基于USB实时数据采集软件设计，及其上位机的界面设计等方面阐述了主要的设计研究工作。 在基于USB数据采集系统的研究设计中，完成了USB的固件控制软件设计，USB与FPGA接口连接软件设计和上位机界面软件设计，并参与了部分硬件电路的研究。 最后，本文对所完成的工作进行总结，对未来数字采集系统的发展做出展望。

As technology advances and the needs of users in many fields, a single acquisition device can no longer meet the needs of data acquisition system. To resolve the complexity of original hardware operations that rely on an independent analysis of functional modules, USB has a unique advantage. In this paper, Institute of Optics and Precision 863 spectrometer on adaptive research projects, according to the optical information collected in the post-processing and transmission of the actual demand, that is, in the optical signal transmission, conversion and storage interface. This paper researches the details and proposes the USB data acquisition system based on the realization of the program. The design of the main research object is spectrometer for the adaptive optical signals which is collected in the practical application process. The optical signal acquisition limited by geographical location, convenient facilities needed for improvement of the optical signal. This paper applied the operating system Windows XP, software of VC + +, the language used C language, and some assembly language. This paper focuses on the hardware circuit, firmware, USB device drivers and PC native application design and implementation and was discussed in depth. Based on the transmission advantage of USB, FPGA high-performance, the collected optical signals will be conversed by analog-digital and then control the data processing by the FPGA through the USB control interface, at last transmits the digital signal to the host computer. User through the PC control the data collected processing, such as the control collection, read the data, store data, conversion data and other functions. Article focuses on the design objectives, from the overall program, chip selection, control transfer software design, real-time data acquisition USB-based software design, and the host computer interface design and other aspects of the major design research. USB data acquisition system based on the research design, this completed the USB firmware control software design, USB interface with the FPGA design software and PC interface software design, and participated in some of the hardware design. Finally, this article summarizes the work that accomplished on the future development of digital acquisition system and make outlook