采动应力作用下区段煤柱内部变形分区现象明显，探索采动影响下煤柱内部变形分区演化规律及失稳前兆信息，是揭示煤柱失稳孕灾机理和预防煤柱相关灾害的关键。分布式光纤传感技术可实现大范围、动态分布式、高空间分辨率测试，为实验室和现场工程尺度煤体内部变形监测提供了新的手段。探索基于水平应变的煤体内部变形分区光纤监测与表征方法，开展基于水平应变的煤体失稳前兆信息识别研究，是量化评价煤体稳定性的基础。本文以近距离采空区下区段煤柱采动变形为背景，基于理论分析、岩石力学实验、相似模拟、数值模拟和现场实测的方法，系统研究了采动区段煤柱内部变形分区光纤监测与表征理论、煤体失稳前兆识别问题。取得以下主要成果：

（1）基于弹塑性理论建立区段煤柱变形分区模型，推导了区段煤柱变形分区的水平应变解析式。建立了植入式光纤-煤体应变传递模型，得到了煤体-光纤应变传递系数，形成了基于水平应变的煤柱变形分区光纤监测方法。提出了光纤应变梯度指标，给出了光纤应变梯度的数学表达，分析了时间窗口和光纤步长对光纤应变梯度表征煤体破坏的影响机制，建立了基于光纤应变梯度幂律统计规律的煤体失稳前兆识别方法。

（2）开展了多尺寸煤体采动加卸载岩石力学实验，得到了加载过程中煤体内部时序水平应变场和光纤应变梯度的演化过程。揭示了煤体临破坏阶段光纤应变梯度跳跃事件增多，幅度增大的响应特征，时间上跳跃事件发生时刻与应力降现象和声发射计数显著增多时刻相一致，空间上跳跃事件发生区域与煤体内部变形破坏区域相对应，证明了光纤应变梯度在煤体变形失稳前兆识别中应用的可行性。

（3）基于概率密度统计方法得到了多尺寸煤体内部变形光纤应变梯度符合幂律分布规律，揭示了采动应力路径、煤体尺寸对光纤应变梯度幂律指数的影响规律。立方体煤体试样边长由50mm增大至75mm、100mm和150mm，幂律指数分别减小了3.8%、5.5%和7.1%。证明了光纤应变梯度幂律指数显著降低作为煤体临界失稳的前兆信息的可靠性，将幂律指数降低0.1作为煤体失稳阈值，为实验室和工程尺度区段煤柱稳定性量化评价奠定了基础。

（4）开展了区段煤柱变形分区演化光纤表征相似模拟试验，基于水平应变对煤柱内部变形进行分区，得到了采动过程中区段煤柱弹塑性区域演化规律。煤柱内部变形符合弹塑性分区理论，初次采动后煤柱内部破碎区、塑性区宽度占煤柱宽度的0.5%和36%；二次采动后弹性区占煤柱宽度23%，工作面前方5m、后方10m范围内，随工作面推进距离增大，煤柱塑性区范围呈指数增大，光纤监测结果与数值模拟基本一致，验证了采动煤柱内部弹塑性区域分布式光纤监测方法的可靠性。揭示了相似模拟实验尺度煤柱内部变形光纤应变梯度符合幂律分布规律，得到了顺槽掘进和工作面采动影响阶段光纤应变梯度幂律指数，分别为1.57、1.56、1.54、1.52；将幂律指数降低0.1作为区段煤柱失稳阈值，重复采动后幂律指数下降了0.05，达到失稳阈值的50%，实现了采动影响下煤柱的稳定性的量化分析。

（5）现场选取上覆遗留煤柱和采空区两种应力环境下区段煤柱，植入分布式光纤，开展了基于水平应变的煤柱内部变形分区光纤监测研究。结果表明，上覆遗留煤柱集中应力影响下，采动后煤柱塑性区占比37%，塑性区峰值水平应变是弹性区的3.65倍。上覆采空区下区段煤柱初次采动后，煤柱塑性区占比24%，塑性区峰值水平应变是弹性区的2.1倍。以光纤测孔位置为基准，工作面推进至0~20m范围内区段煤柱塑性区宽度随工作面推进距离呈指数增大，工作面推进至20m以后区段煤柱塑性区宽度呈对数关系增大，得到了不同应力环境下煤柱塑性区宽度和采动距离之间的量化关系式。揭示了工程尺度区段煤柱内部变形光纤应变梯度仍符合幂律分布规律，采动影响后光纤应变梯度幂律指数下降分别达到阈值的20%和10%，实现了工程尺度煤柱稳定性的定量评价。

The internal deformation zoning phenomenon of section coal pillar under the action of mining stress is obvious. Exploring the evolution law of internal deformation partition and precursor information of instability in coal pillars under the influence of mining is the key to reveal the mechanism of instability pregnancy and prevention of coal pillar-related disasters. Distributed fiber optic sensing technology enables large scale, dynamically distributed, high spatial resolution testing, which provides a new means of internal deformation monitoring in laboratory and field engineering scale coal bodies. Exploring the method of fiber-optic monitoring and characterization of internal deformation partition of coal body based on horizontal strain, and carrying out research on identification of precursor information of coal body destabilization based on horizontal strain are the basis for quantitative evaluation of coal body stability. In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis, rock mechanics experiment, similar simulation, numerical simulation, and field measurement, I systematically study the theory of fiber optic monitoring and characterization of internal deformation partition of coal pillars in the mining section and the identification of precursors of coal instability with the background of coal pillar mining deformation in the lower section of the close mining area, and achieve the following main results.

(1) Based on the elastic-plastic theory, a deformation zoning model for section coal pillars was established, and the horizontal strain analytical formula for the deformation zoning of section coal pillars was derived. The strain transfer model of fiber optic and coal was established, obtained the coal fiber strain transfer coefficient, and developed a zoned fiber optic monitoring method for coal pillar deformation was based on horizontal strain. The fiber optic strain gradient index was proposed, and the mathematical expression of the fiber optic strain gradient was given. The influence mechanism of time window and fiber step size on the characterization of coal failure by fiber strain gradient was analyzed. A method for identifying coal instability precursors based on the power law statistical law of fiber optic strain gradient has been established.

(2) The rock mechanics experiment of mining loading and unloading of multi size coal body was carried out, and the evolution process of time series horizontal strain field and optical fiber strain gradient inside the middling coal body during the loading process was obtained. The response characteristics of optical fiber strain gradient jumping events increasing and amplitude increasing in the near destruction stage of coal body are revealed. The time when optical fiber strain gradient jumping events occur is consistent with the time when stress drop phenomenon and acoustic emission count increase significantly. The space where optical fiber strain gradient events occur corresponds to the deformation and destruction area inside the coal body, which proves the feasibility of the application of optical fiber strain gradient in the identification of deformation and instability precursors of coal body.

(3) Based on the probability density statistical method, the power law distribution law of fiber optic strain gradient for internal deformation of multi size coal bodies was obtained, revealing the influence of mining stress path and coal body size on the power law index of fiber optic strain gradient. The side length of the cube coal sample increased from 50mm to 75mm, 100mm, and 150mm, and the power law index decreased by 3.8%, 5.5%, and 7.1%, respectively. It has been proven that the power law index of fiber optic strain gradient significantly reduces the reliability of the precursor information for critical instability of coal bodies. The power law index is reduced by 0.1 as the threshold for coal instability, laying the foundation for quantitative evaluation of stability in laboratory and engineering scale sections.

(4) A similarity simulation experiment was conducted on the optical fiber characterization of the deformation zoning evolution of section coal pillars. Based on horizontal strain, the internal deformation of the coal pillars was zoned, and the evolution law of the elastic-plastic zone of section coal pillars during mining was obtained. The internal deformation of the coal pillar conforms to the theory of elastic-plastic zoning. After the initial mining, the width of the broken and plastic zone inside the coal pillar accounts for 0.5% and 36% of the width of the coal pillar; After the second mining, the elastic zone accounts for 23% of the width of the coal pillar. The plastic zone of the coal pillar increases exponentially within the range of 5m in front and 10m behind the working face. The fiber optic monitoring results are basically consistent with numerical simulation, verifying the reliability of the distributed fiber optic monitoring method for the elastic plastic zone inside the mining coal pillar. Revealed the power law distribution law of fiber optic strain gradient for internal deformation of coal pillars on a similar simulation experimental scale, and obtained the power law index of fiber optic strain gradient during the influence stage of excavation along the channel and mining in the working face, which are 1.57, 1.56, 1.54, and 1.52, respectively; The power law index was reduced by 0.1 as the instability threshold of the section coal pillar. After repeated mining, the power law index decreased by 0.05, reaching 50% of the instability threshold, achieving a quantitative analysis of the stability of the coal pillar under the influence of mining.

(5) Distributed optical fibers were implanted into the coal pillars under two stress environments, the overlying residual coal pillars and the goaf, and a study on fiber optic monitoring of internal deformation zones of coal pillars based on horizontal strain was conducted. The results show that under the influence of concentrated stress in the overlying coal pillar, the plastic zone of the coal pillar after mining accounts for 37%, and the peak horizontal strain in the plastic zone is 3.65 times that of the elastic zone. After the initial mining of the coal pillar in the lower section of the overlying goaf, the plastic zone of the coal pillar accounts for 24%, and the peak horizontal strain in the plastic zone is 2.1 times that of the elastic zone. The width of the plastic zone of the coal pillar within the range of 20m behind the working face increases exponentially with the increase of the advancing distance of the working face, while the width of the plastic zone of the coal pillar outside the range of 20m behind the working face increases logarithmically. The quantitative relationship between the width of the plastic zone of the coal pillar and the mining distance under different stress environments is obtained. It has been revealed that the fiber optic strain gradient of the internal deformation of coal pillars in the engineering scale section still follows the power law distribution law. After mining, the power law index of the fiber optic strain gradient decreases by 20% and 10% of the threshold values, respectively, achieving quantitative evaluation of the stability of engineering scale coal pillars.

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