随着房地产市场的快速发展，银行个人住房按揭贷款业务也快速增长，商业银行个人住房按揭贷款为推动房地产市场快速发展起到了重要作用。但同时也应当看到，一些商业银行在发展个人住房按揭贷款业务时，并没有严格遵守相应的风险管理规范，缺乏科学、先进的个人住房按揭贷款风险管理方式方法，由此产生了一系列的风险控制问题。近年来，随着房地产市场发展的回落，叠加疫情对经济发展的冲击，商业银行在个人住房按揭贷款风险控制方面所暴露出的问题也愈加突出，甚至给一些商业银行造成了较大的财务风险和坏账，影响到了商业银行健康、稳定的发展。

本文选择A分行个人住房按揭贷款风险管理作为研究对象，在理论和文献研究的基础上，首先采用文献研究法、访谈法和问卷调查法对住房按揭贷款风险来源进行分析，初步确定A分行在人住房按揭贷款风险管理上面临的风险因素，形成风险因素初始清单；其次根据风险因素初始清单进一步甄别A分行个人住房按揭贷款风险评价指标体系，采用层次分析法对评价指标体系赋权，并运用模糊综合评价法评价A分行个人住房按揭贷款风险状况。结果表明A分行个人住房按揭贷款风险管理属于中等水平，其分值介于一般到较高水平之间。据此，论文从准则层和指标层风险因素视角分析了贷款风险的成因；最后从银行内部风险、信用风险、借款人风险、流动性风险、外部机构风险以及市场风险等视角提出了提升A分行个人住房按揭贷款风险管理水平的建议。研究结论对于A分行及其他商业银行个人住房按揭贷款风险管理都具有一定的现实意义。

With the rapid development of the real estate market, the personal housing mortgage loan business of commercial banks has also grown rapidly. Commercial banks' personal housing mortgage loans have played an important role in promoting the rapid development of the real estate market. However, it should also be noted that some commercial banks, in the process of developing the personal housing mortgage loan business, did not strictly adhere to the corresponding risk management standards. They lacked a scientific and advanced approach to risk management for personal housing mortgage loans, leading to a series of risk control issues. In recent years, with the downturn in the real estate market, coupled with the impact of the pandemic on economic development, the problems exposed by commercial banks in the risk control of personal housing mortgage loans have become more prominent. It has even caused some commercial banks significant financial risks and bad debts, affecting the healthy and stable development of commercial banks.

This article selects the risk management of personal housing mortgage loans in Branch A as the research object. Based on theoretical and literature research, it first analyzes the sources of management risks using literature research and questionnaire survey methods, preliminarily identifies the risk factors that Branch A faces in the management of personal housing mortgage loans, and forms an initial list of risk factors. Secondly, based on the initial list of risk factors, it further identifies the evaluation index system for the risk assessment of personal housing mortgage loans in Branch A. The analytic hierarchy process is used to assign weights to the evaluation index system, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to evaluate the risk status of personal housing mortgage loans in Branch A. The results indicate that the risk management of personal housing mortgage loans in Branch A is at a moderate level, with scores ranging between general and relatively high levels.

Based on this, the paper analyzes the causes of loan risks from the perspectives of criteria level and indicator level risk factors. Finally, suggestions are proposed to enhance the risk management level of personal housing mortgage loans in Branch A from the perspectives of internal bank risk, credit risk, borrower risk, liquidity risk, external institution risk, and market risk, etc. The research conclusions have practical significance for the risk management of personal housing mortgage loans in Branch A and other commercial banks.

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