随着数字技术和传统产业的深度融合，数字化转型已成为信息时代企业高质量发展的必然选择。“专精特新”企业深耕各细分领域，其专业能力和创新能力较为突出，是产业链优化升级的核心力量，是中国经济高质量发展的重要引擎。如今，对于“专精特新”企业的数字化转型影响因素与路径的研究相对较少，亟待突破传统研究方法的局限。因此，关注数字化情境下的驱动因素与转型路径问题，同时突破传统净效应和单案例研究的局限，以及拓宽中小企业数字化转型问题研究边界，是建设数字中国的内在要求。

本文结合数字经济的时代背景和“专精特新”企业数字化转型的发展现状，基于TOE框架，运用模糊集定性比较分析方法，对711家国家级“专精特新”企业数字化转型驱动因素及路径进行实证分析。研究发现：单个要素条件并不是“专精特新”企业数字化转型的必要条件，企业实现数字化转型是技术、组织和环境多层面因素协同作用的结果；按照核心条件的不同，可以将企业实现高数字化转型的6条路径归纳为“政府与环境驱动路径、内外协同发展路径、创新驱动路径”三种类型；导致企业形成低数字化转型的路径同样有6条，包括“环境适应型”、“资源依赖型”、“管理者主导型”；各影响因素通过协同联动的方式构建转型路径，且各影响因素间存在替代与互补效应；在跨案例的比较中进一步发现，国有企业和非国有企业以及东、中西部地区企业数字化转型路径存在明显差异。根据研究结论和现实经验本文提出建议，为企业数字化转型实践提供了重要启示。

本文的研究有助于“专精特新”企业选择适合自身数字化转型的路径，从而实现高水平的数字化转型；亦为相关政策制定提供有益借鉴。

With the deep integration of digital technology and traditional industries, digital transformation has become an inevitable choice for high-quality development of enterprises in the information age.“SRDI” enterprises deeply cultivate various sub-fields, with outstanding professional ability and innovation ability. They are the core force for optimizing and upgrading the industrial chain and an important engine for the high-quality development of China's economy. At present, there is relatively little research on the influencing factors and paths of digital transformation of “SRDI” enterprises, and it is urgent to break through the limitations of traditional research methods. Therefore, paying attention to the driving factors and transformation paths under the digital situation, breaking through the limitations of traditional net effect and single case study, and broadening the research boundary of digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises are the inherent requirements of building digital China.

Based on TOE framework and the background of digital economy and the development status quo of digital transformation of “SRDI” enterprises, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the driving factors and paths of digital transformation of 711 national “SRDI” enterprises by using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method. A single factor condition is not a necessary condition for the digital transformation of “SRDI” enterprises. The digital transformation of enterprises is the result of the synergy of multi-level factors such as technology, organization and environment. The realization of digital transformation of enterprises is the result of the synergy of multi-level factors of technology, organization and environment. According to different core conditions, the six paths for enterprises to realize high digital transformation can be classified into three types: “government-environment-driven path, internal-external collaborative development path, innovation-driven path”; there are also six paths leading to enterprises to form low digital transformation, including “environment-adaptive”,“resource-dependent” and “manager-led”; each influencing factor constructs the transformation path through collaborative linkage, and there are substitution and complementary effects among each influencing factor, According to the conclusion and practical experience, this paper puts forward some suggestions, which provide important enlightenment for the practice of enterprise digital transformation.

The research of this paper helps “SRDI” enterprises to choose the path suitable for their own digital transformation, so as to achieve a high level of digital transformation; it also provides useful reference for relevant policy formulation.