本文以污水厂脱水污泥为原料，加入适量高炉矿渣为添加剂在高温无氧状态下直接热解制备污泥基吸附剂。通过正交实验和单因素实验确定最佳制备工艺条件；采用实验室模拟废水对吸附剂的吸附性能进行研究；通过电镜扫描、红外光谱分析和吸附动力学模型等分析研究吸附剂的吸附机理。 （1）制备工艺：通过正交和单因素试验确定了吸附剂的制备工艺条件为：热解温度为500℃、脱水污泥与矿渣的干基质量配比为6：4、粒径为30目（约为0.550mm）、热解时间为1.5h。所制备的污泥基吸附剂的碘吸附值为338.32 mg/g、产率为63.16%、比表面积为257.78m2/g。 （2）性能研究：吸附剂处理模拟的重金属废水，污泥基吸附剂对废水中Pb2+的去除率均随着吸附时间、溶液pH、吸附剂投加量的增加而增大，并逐渐趋于平衡。在实验室室温（温度为25℃左右）、pH值为5、Pb2+初始浓度为40mg/L、吸附剂用量为3g/L、吸附时间为60min 条件下，吸附剂对废水中Pb2+的去除效率可达94.6%。 （3）机理分析：通过表面特性分析、红外光谱分析以及孔隙特征分析对最优条件下制备的吸附剂进行了表征，可以看出污泥基吸附剂表面粗糙、孔隙结构清晰可见，吸附剂红外光谱图研究表明波长在3500cm—和1700cm—附近出现羟基和羰基等酸性含氧基团的吸收峰，这些表面特性和结构都有利于污泥基吸附剂在废水处理中的应用。污泥基吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附动力学比较符合准二级吸附动力学模型，吸附反应不仅受吸附剂表面活性位点的影响，还受颗粒内扩散过程的影响；Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述此吸附行为。

The research took the dewatered sludge as raw material, adding proper blast furnace slag as additive, to make sludge-based adsorbent in high temperature and anoxic condition. The optimal process conditions were chosen through orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment. Performance of the adsorbent was tested with simulative wastewater from laboratory. In order to study the absorption mechanism, electron microscope scanning, infrared spectrum and adsorption kinetics analysis were used. (1) Preparation technology. The preparation conditions were chosen through orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment. The pyrolysis temperature was 500℃, The ratio of dewatered sludge and blast furnace slag was 6:4, the particle size was about 0.550mm and the pyrolysis time was 1.5h. The iodine number of the sludge-based adsorbent was 338.32 mg/g. Its yield was 63.16% and specific surface area was 257.78m2/g. (2) Performance analysis. The adsorbent was used to treat the simulated heavy metal wastewater. The removal rate of the sludge-based adsorbent to Pb2+ was increasing with the time, pH and the increase of dosing quantity. And it tended to balance gradually. The removal rate of the sludge-based adsorbent to Pb2+ could get 94.6% in a condition of that the temperature was 25℃,pH was 5, initial concentration of Pb2+ was 40mg/L, absorber dosage was 3g/L, absorber time was 60min. (3) Mechanism analysis. Though surface characteristic analysis, infrared spectrum and pore characteristics analyzer to analyses the adsorbent which made under proper preparation conditions. The results show that the surface of the sludge-based adsorbent was rough. Its pore structure was clear. The infrared spectrum show that the absorption peaks of acidic oxygenous group such as hydroxy and carbonyl would appear at 3500cm and 1700cm. These structures and surface characteristics were conducive to the application of sludge-based adsorbent in wastewater treatment. The adsorption kinetics of the sludge-based adsorbent to Pb2+ was in line with pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The diffusion inside particles was a controlling step of adsorption rate, but not the only one. Langmuir Isothermal Equation was more preferably to describe such adsorptions than Freundlich Isothermal Equation.