天然大分子生物降解材料，是替代石化塑料，减少废弃塑料污染，确保环境可持续 发展的战略途径。刚性粒子增强天然生物降解材料是新兴的研究领域，可以有效改善复 合材料的力学性能，控制其生物降解速率，但存在相容性差的缺点。煤是兼具有机官能 团和无机粒子特性的特殊刚性粒子，研究煤填充改性天然大分子生物降解材料的关键在 于阐明煤与天然聚合物界面相互作用及其界面性能。。 通过FTIR、XPS、XRD、TG、DSC和化学分析等手段，对作为刚性粒子的不同煤 种及基体大豆蛋白质的结构和性质进行了分析。结果表明，随着煤变质程度升高，煤中 O／C、H／C比减小，煤的芳环缩合度、芳香度，I增大，表面官能团结构中脂肪链侧基明 显变短、减少，含氧官能团减少，尤其是自由羟基和羧基减少最为明显。而煤的活性官 能团在聚合物的热加工温度范围内，不会发生大量热解。大豆蛋白质分子结构中存在羧 基、氨基和羟基等活性官能团，分子链之间通过氢键和疏水作用等形成稳定的刚性结构； 在受热条件下，200"12之前不发生大量分解，绝氧条件有助于提高其热稳定性。 选取典型煤种，用模压方法制备了超细煤粉体增强大豆蛋白质复合材料。研究了煤 的变质程度对复合材料界面相互作用，增强效果、耐水住和热稳定性的影响。结果表明 煤和大豆蛋白质之间有部分相容性，随着煤变质程度的升高，煤与蛋白质之间的界面粘 结强度下降，大豆蛋白塑料的力学性能下降，耐水性变化不大。适量中低变质程度的烟 煤可以同时对复合材料起到增强增韧的作用，而高变质程度的贫煤会降低复合材料的力 学性能。脱除矿物质有助于提高界面粘结强度，提高复合材料的强度，但是其韧性降低。 煤中适量的矿物质，有助于调节复合材料的韧性和刚性的协调关系。 通过空气氧化对煤改性，探讨了煤表面含氧官能团结构和组成的变化对煤与大豆蛋 自质界面粘结强度的影响。结果表明，空气氧化使煤表面的含氧官能团增加，脂肪侧基 减少。羧基和酚羟基随着氧化程度加深而增加的规律最为明显。氧化煤与大豆蛋白质之 间的相互作用较之原煤增强，随着氧化程度加深，对复合材料的增强效果提高，并可提 高复合材料的耐水性和耐热性能．也说明，煤中含氧官能团是影响煤与大豆蛋白质界面 性能的重要因素。

Natural polymeric biodegradable materials age potential substitute for petroleum-based plastics．It is all effective strategy for reducing waste plastic pollution and sustainable development of the environmenL Rigid particle toughening natural polymer is an emerging field in biodegradable materials．Rigid particle effectively reinforces natural polymer and controls it biodegradation rate．While the compatibility between rigid particle and natural polymer matrix is far away from satisfaction．Coal is a spcci矗c rigid particle that possess both advantage of organic functional groups and inorganic particle．To explore coal reinforced natural polymeric biodegradable materials，the interracial interaction between coal and natural polymer is the key to be clarified． The structure and properties of both coal as rigid particle and soy protein as matrix are investigated by F1皤也XPS，XRD，TG DSC and chemical analysis．The results show that,the atomic ratio of O／C,H／C in coal decreases with increasing coalification，while the degree of aromatic condensation and aromaticity心a exhibit inverse trend．Both aliphatic and oxygen-containing structures decrease with increasing maturation,especially for free hydroxyl group and carboxy．Most of active groups on surface of coal maintain their activities during thermal degradation below 200。C．For soy protein,Carboxyl，amino，and hydroxyl groups are the main reactive ouee．Strong hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction form the rigid three-dimensional network of protein Chains．Also，soy protein does not undergo bulk thermal degradation under 200。C’and anoxybiotic process improves its thermal stability． Coal·soy protein composite瓣prepared by compression moulding using typical ultra fine coal powders and soy protein powder with glycerol as plastisizer．The effects of coal filler on the inteffacial interaction,reinforcement,water resistance，and thermal stability of the composite are explored．The results show that,coal is partly misa'ble with soy protein．The interracial adhesion and mechanical pI叩cm鼯decrease with the in口e勰e of the rank of coal 五1ler,but no significant di韪erence observed for water resistance．Moderate quantity of low-to·medium rank coal filler∞n simultaneously enhance the strength and toughness of the composite；on the contrary,high—rank coal filler decrease its mechanical properties．Filling with demincralised coal can further enhance the interracial adhesion and strength of the composite，but decrease the tuughness．Therefore，moderate quantity of mineral in coal tends to control the coordination ofrigidity and toughness ofcoal—soy protein composites． Furthermore，the effect of the structure and composition of oxygen-containing groups of coal on the interracial properties of the composites are investigated by using air-oxidized coal filler．FFIR analysis provides semi quantitative evidences for the increese of oxygen-containing groups and the loss of aliphatic chains during air-oxidation；remarkable increase of both carboxyl and phenol groups is observed with the increasing degree of oxidation．nc interracial interaction between oxidized coal and protein chain is stronger than that between untreated coal and protein chain．Along with the increase of oxidation degree of coal filler,the reinforcement，water resistance，and thermal stability of the composites are all improved．These results indicate that oxygen-containing groups黜important factors for the inteffacial properties． To control the interracial adhesion,a bi-functional inteffacial modifier