本论文的研究是针对我国现有电镀废水处理工艺成本高，污染治理水平低，以及前人所研究的FeS流化床反应器处理过程中所存在的问题而提出的，旨在寻求一种灵活简便、成本低、适合于处理中小型电镀厂废水的反应器及相应的工艺。论文的研究内容主要有三个方面：一是采用传统固定床反应器和S型固定床反应器作为试验反应器，以廉价易得的FeS作为去除剂，对混合电镀废水中铬、铜、锌、镉的去除效果及影响因素进行了试验研究，二是研究了传统固床处理混合废水的反冲洗周期、固液分离工艺参数；三是对不同反应器从去除效果、实际的运行管理方面进行了比较。通过试验得到以下主要结论： ①传统固定床反应器和S型固定床反应器处理模拟混合电镀废水，对于Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的去除效率都很高。固定床的最佳反应条件组合，即：FeS填充高度40cm，进水流量1.6L/h，FeS粒径5-7mm；Cr6+的平均去除率为99.96%，Cu2+的平均去除率接近100%，Zn2+的平均去除率接近100%，Cd2+的平均去除率为99.52%。S型固定床的最佳反应条件组合，即：反应器内层填料高度30cm，外层填料高度30cm，内层填料粒径5~7mm，外层填料粒径7~10mm，进水流量1.6L/h；Cu2+和Zn2+的平均去除率都几乎为100%，Cr6+的平均去除率也达到了99.97%，接近100%，Cd2+的平均去除率为99.86%； ②反冲洗的周期为160min，混凝剂Ca(OH)2的最佳投加量是60mg；③流化床消耗动力较大，但操作方便，容易在工业上实现；传统固定床需要反冲洗，但反应器的制造简单容易实现；S型固定床反冲洗很麻烦，在工业上不容易实现。 通过XRD、XRF及XPS测试，结合前人的研究成果，本论文认为电镀废水中重金属离子的主要去除机理为：氧化还原反应、化学沉淀反应、吸附共沉淀、混凝、絮凝多种因素的共同作用。在酸性条件下，Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+的去除起主要作用的是生成难溶金属硫化物，Cr6+的去除先被还原为Cr3+，然后以氢氧化物沉淀以及共沉淀的形式被去除，Fe2+和S2-都是有效的还原剂。

In this paper, trying to find a flexible and easy, low cost, suitable for electroplating wastewater treatment for small and medium reactors and the corresponding process for the costs of our existing electroplating wastewater treatment are high, the low level of pollution control, as well as the FeS fluidized bed reactor our predecessors studied have some problems in the process. This paper mainly in three aspects: First, the traditional fixed bed reactor and the S-type fixed bed reactor as a test reactor to low-cost easy to get the FeS as the remover of mixed Chromium, copper, zinc, cadmium removal efficiency and the impact of factors were studied, and second, it was studied that the traditional fixed bed of mixed waste water treatment backwash cycle, solid-liquid separation process parameters; third compared the reactor from the removal, the actual operation and management aspects. Papers obtained through a large number of tests: ①traditional fixed bed reactor and the S-type fixed bed reactor have high removal efficiency to the Cr6+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ in mixed electroplating wastewater. The best combination of fixed-bed reaction conditions, namely: FeS fill height 40cm, water flow rate 1.6L/h, FeS particle size of 5-7mm; Cr6+, the average removal rate was 99.96%, Cu2+, the average removal rate of close to 100% , Zn2+, the average removal rate was close to 100%, Cd2+, the average removal rate was 99.52%. S-type fixed-bed combination of the best reaction conditions, namely: inner packing the reactor height 30cm, Outer packing height of 30cm, the inner packing size 5~7mm, outer packing size 7~10mm, water flow 1.6L /h; Cu2+ and Zn2+, the average removal rate is almost 100%, Cr6+, the average removal rate reached 99.97%, close to 100%, Cd2+, the average removal rate was 99.86%; ②backwash cycle was 160min ,the optimal dosage of Ca(OH)2 is 60mg; ③fluidized bed have large power consumption, but easy to operate, easy to achieve in the industry; traditional fixed bed need backwashing, but the manufacture of the reactor is simple; S-type fixed-bed backwashing too much trouble, is not easily achieved in industry. By XRD, XRF and XPS detection, combined with the fore research achievement, this paper thinks that the removal mechanism of electroplating wastewater’s heavy metal ion with FeS is oxidation-reduction reaction, chemical deposition reaction, adsorption coprecipitation, oagulation and flocculations’ combined action. Under the acidity condition, the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ mainly dues to hardly dissolved metal sulfide’s generation. The removal f Cr6+ is that Cr6+ is reduced firstly, and then removed in the hydroxide and coprecipitation form. Fe2+ and S2- are all powerful reducing agent.