矿用胶带火灾事故频发，给煤炭企业造成了大量人员伤亡和财产损失。由于胶带火灾不同发展阶段的标志性气体和特征温度不明确，火灾蔓延扩散规律不清，火灾风险预警指标缺少，难以及时发现火灾隐患，易造成重特大矿井火灾事故。本文围绕胶带巷火灾预警指标及避灾路线规划的现实需求，通过锥形量热仪、NBS烟密度测试箱、傅里叶烟气分析仪和热重-红外联用分析等实验和FDS数值模拟方法，探究矿井胶带燃烧特性、烟气成分与热解特性以及胶带巷烟气流动分布规律，为矿井输送机胶带火灾监测预警指标体系的构建及紧急避灾路线的科学规划提供基础数据与理论指导。主要结论如下：

（1）胶带燃烧着火时的危险程度与热辐射强度成正比关系，在热辐射功率为45 kW/m²时，热释放速率峰值（pkHRR）、总热释放量（THR）和总烟产量均达到最大值。矿用胶带燃烧过程中光透过率下降速度很快，在70 s时就下降至0。

（2）研究了矿用胶带燃烧释放的19种气体浓度随热辐射时间的变化规律及8种典型毒性气体浓度的毒性指数，HCl和CO是胶带火灾中致人伤亡的最主要的气体，其次是SO₂、HCN、NO_x和CO₂，其中HCl气体的毒性指数（CITc）是参考浓度的10倍多，CO气体的CITc略高于参考浓度。

（3）胶带巷发生火灾时，火源点处于胶带巷进、回风口位置对胶带火灾蔓延扩散速度影响较大，机械通风条件下胶带火灾蔓延扩散较显著；火源位于通风口100 m处时，烟雾在通风口处出现了烟气逆流现象，10 min时除巷道口外其他区域能见度已下降至不足6 m。

The frequent occurrence of mine belt fire accidents has caused a large number of casualties and property losses to coal enterprises. Due to the unclear iconic gas and characteristic temperature in different development stages of belt fire, the law of fire spread and diffusion is unclear, and the fire risk early warning index is lacking. It is difficult to find fire hazards in time, which is easy to cause serious mine fire accidents. This paper focuses on the practical needs of belt roadway fire warning indicators and disaster avoidance route planning. Through experiments such as cone calorimeter, NBS smoke density test box, Fourier flue gas analyzer and thermogravimetric-infrared combined analysis and FDS numerical simulation, the combustion characteristics, flue gas composition and pyrolysis characteristics of mine belt and the distribution law of flue gas flow in belt roadway are explored basic data and theoretical guidance for the construction of belt fire monitoring and early warning index system of mine conveyor and the scientific planning of emergency disaster avoidance route. The main conclusions are as follows :

(1) The risk degree of belt burning is proportional to the intensity of thermal radiation. When the thermal radiation power is 45 kW/m², the peak heat release rate (pkHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production reach the maximum. The light transmittance decreased rapidly during the combustion process of mine belt, and decreased to 0 at 70 s.

(2) The variation of 19 kinds of gas concentration released by the combustion of mine belt with the time of thermal radiation and the toxicity index of 8 typical toxic gas concentrations were studied. HCl and CO were the most important gases causing casualties in the belt fire, followed by SO₂, HCN, NO_x and CO₂. The toxicity index (CITc) of HCl gas was more than 10 times of the reference concentration, and the CITc of CO gas was slightly higher than the reference concentration.

(3) When a fire occurs in the belt roadway, the location of the fire source point at the inlet and return air outlet of the belt roadway has a great influence on the spread and diffusion speed of the belt fire, and the spread and diffusion of the belt fire is more significant under the condition of mechanical ventilation. When the fire source is located at 100 m from the vent, the smoke has a reverse flow phenomenon at the vent. At 10 min, the visibility of other areas except the roadway mouth has dropped to less than 6 m.