通过对陕西铜川崔家沟监狱煤矿煤矸石山中煤矸石及其周边土壤的铜、镉、铅、锌、铬五种重金属含量、微生物量等的测定，分析煤矸石露天堆放对土壤环境在平面、垂向和时间跨度上产生的影响。并通过对矸石山及周边生长的植被状况的调查，分析其环境影响效应。 崔家沟煤矿煤矸石山堆积处沟底部分，历经约30年的煤矸石的周边土壤为研究对象。不同堆放方向4堆煤矸石，堆放时间估约值分别为①20～30年②15～20年③8～15年④0～8年。其中2#矸石堆发生过自燃，现表现为红矸。对这4堆煤矸石和其的土壤取样。利用原子吸收法测定重金属含量。采用牛肉膏蛋白胨固体培养基通过平板计数法测定土壤中微生物量。对4堆煤矸石周围土壤的植被进行观察和分析。 数据结果表明，五种重金属元素除Cd外，含量均低于国家土壤质量二级标准，Cd单项污染指数为3.03。微生物量明显减少。煤矸石和周边植被受到污染，植被覆盖度低，且均为草本单一性超富集植物生长，如蒲公英、鬼针草、蓖麻，这三种植物都为Cd超富集植物。植被在煤矸石边10m以外才生长正常。煤矸石堆积年限对周边土壤的影响表明，重金属污染较严重的有富集现象，微生物量整体受到较为严重影响，反应较为明显。土壤垂向剖面的研究结果表明，重金属污染影响主要在表层土壤40cm以内；所有金属元素的含量随着深度的增加在逐渐减小，在60cm以下污染达到稳定状态，受影响较小。土壤水平方向受煤矸石堆积影响研究表明，随着距离的增大重金属污染程度减小，微生物量在3米距离内都有较大影响，10m距离的数据与未污染的标准数据接近。

Through the determination of content about Cu, Cd, Pd, Zn, Cr five heavy metal and microorganisms in coal gangue and its soil of coal gangue, based on Shaanxi Tongchuan Cui Home Gully Prison Coal. Analysis the impact about air storage coal gangue piled on soil environment in the plane, vertical and the time span. And through the investigation of the growth of vegetation surrounding, this paper analyzes the status of environmental effect. Cui coal gangue piles at mount in part, or about 30 years of gangue surrounding soil for research object. Different pile of coal gangue piled up, four directions about time estimation, respectively ①20～30years,②15～20years,③8～15years and ④0～8years. The second of the coal gangue piles spontaneous combustion once happened, seemed as red bottles. For the samplings to the coal gangue and the surrounding soil. Use the methord of atomic absorption spectrometry for heavy metal content asssay.And use Beef Extract Peptone medium for determination by flat count method for microbial biomass in the soil. To observe and analyze the vegetation on 4 coal gangue piles of the soil around gangue. The results showed that five kinds of heavy metals except the Cd are belower than the national secondary soil quality standard dates. The single pollution index of Cd is upto 3.03. Microbial biomass significantly reduced. The peripheral vegetation of coal gangue were contaminated, vegetation coverage is low, and summarized the oneness herbs grow, if dandelions, sticktight, castor oil plant, these three kinds of plants are summarized for Cd. Vegetation in the coal gangue outside the normal growth while 10m. Coal gangue piles of surrounding the influence of soil heavy metal pollution is serious, the microbial biomass, there are more serious influence, the overall response is obvious. The vertical section of soil heavy metal pollution results showed that affect mainly in 40cm deepth surface soil. The content of all the metal element is decrease with the increase of depth, In the 60cm following pollution to steady state, and less affected. The soil by coal gangue piles horizontal study showed that, the heavy metal pollution decrease with the distance increases. Microbial biomass in 3m away from coal gangue manifested to great influence.The datas far from 10m to the coal gangue approach to the standard datas of the unpollution soil.