本课题以矿山水害三维物理模拟实验平台为研究对象，针对传统压力加载方式存在压力加载操作复杂、精准度低、实时性差等问题，提出使用自动压力加载系统对三维物理模拟实验进行压力加载的方法，并设计实现了实验平台压力的加载控制系统，最终成功的运用于矿山水害三维物理模拟实验当中。 针对三维物理模拟实验压力加载方式的问题，提出了使用了二级压力加载的搭建方法，设计并实现了气体、液体等物质通过蓄能装置直接或者间接作用在模型上的压力加载系统。这一加载方式，能够应对实验中各种突发情况影响下的压力瞬间加载，提高了系统的时效性和加载速率。 针对三维物理模拟实验压力加载数据采集及自动控制的问题，设计并实现了压力控制系统的硬件部分，以及开发了压力采集控制程序。使用了加权滤波算法对采集数据进行了优化处理，提高了数据的精准性；改进了压力控制算法，对压力控制动作参数进行了优化，在提高压力加载响应速率的同时使得系统运行加平稳。 针对系统加压过程中压力冲击使的物理模型不稳定问题，提出了一种基于三维模型物理参数特征的自适应算法，并将其运用于压力控制系统当中。算法根据不同实验阶段压力参数，对初始压力差、压力加载参数等数据进行实时分析及调整，选择更合理的加载方式对三维模型进行压力加载，减小了压力加载过存在的压力冲击问题，使得物理模型压力加载更加平稳。 完成压力加载系统搭建，进行了三维物理模拟实验对系统进行检测。实验中使用多通道压力加载，各个通路压力加载均能满足实验要求，整个系统运行情况良好，较之传统压力加载形式，压力加载精确度更加有很大提高，压力检测精度达到0.01MPa，同时持续压力加载稳定性更好。当发生压力变化时，能够快速动作进行压力稳定加载，并且程序能够根据压力加载情况进行及时调节，这是传统压力加载方式所不能达到的。

This thesis takes the 3D physical simulation experiment platform of mine water damage as the research object. For the traditional pressure loading method, the pressure loading operation is complicated, the precision is low, and the real-time performance is poor. The method of using the automatic pressure loading system to load the 3D physical simulation experiment is proposed. And designed and implemented the loading control system of the experimental platform pressure, and finally successfully applied to the 3D physical simulation experiment of mine water damage. Aiming at the problem of three-dimensional physical simulation experiment pressure loading method, the pressure loading system of gas, liquid and other substances passing through the energy storage device directly or indirectly on the model is designed and realized. A construction method using secondary pressure loading is proposed, which makes the system have a higher loading rate during the pressure loading process, and can cope with the instantaneous loading of pressure under the influence of various sudden situations in the experiment, thereby improving the timeliness of the system. Aiming at the problem of 3D physical simulation experiment pressure loading data acquisition and automatic control, the hardware part of the pressure control system was designed and implemented, and the pressure acquisition control program was developed. The weighted filtering algorithm is used to optimize the collected data, which improves the accuracy of the data. The pressure control algorithm is improved, and the pressure control action parameters are optimized to improve the pressure loading response rate and make the system run smoothly. Aiming at the instability of physical model caused by pressure shock during system pressurization, an adaptive algorithm based on the physical parameters of 3D model is proposed and applied to the pressure control system. According to the pressure parameters of different experimental stages, the algorithm analyzes and adjusts the initial pressure difference and pressure loading parameters in real time, selects a more reasonable loading method to load the 3D model, and reduces the pressure shock problem existing in the pressure loading. Physical model pressure loading is more stable. The pressure loading system was built and a three-dimensional physical simulation experiment was carried out to test the system. Multi-channel pressure loading was used in the experiment. The pressure loading of each channel can meet the experimental requirements. The whole system is running well. Compared with the traditional pressure loading form, the pressure loading accuracy is greatly improved. The pressure detection accuracy reaches 0.01MPa, while continuing. Pressure loading stability is better. When a pressure change occurs, the pressure can be quickly loaded for stable loading, and the program can be adjusted in time according to the pressure loading condition, which is not achieved by the conventional pressure loading method.