煤和岩石等脆性材料在受载荷变形与破坏过程中产生微破裂时伴有声发射(acoustic emission, AE)现象，因此AE技术是用来对材料在受载情况下，对材料内部损伤进行实时检测的一种方法。煤矿采空区内煤岩动态损伤、破裂并演化致失稳过程预报是灾害控制的前提之一。本研究以神东矿区大柳塔煤矿1-2煤6m煤层全厚开采形成的采空区上覆围岩动态破坏与失稳预报问题为研究对象，尝试利用声发射技术，完成了不同加载模式下的煤和岩石破坏过程的声发射特征实验，同时完成了基于声发射的物理相似模拟实验设计及实验，对采空区煤和岩石失稳的声发射特征参数(总事件、能率)与时间演化过程进行对比分析，同时综合分析应力(S-stress)、声发射(AE)和变形(D-deformation)之间蕴涵的物理、力学机制以及煤岩断裂与声发射之间的相关性，借助煤岩介质损伤与失稳的声发射理论定量地分析采空区煤岩介质的孕裂和失稳的规律及前兆。然后采用三维非线性有限差分程序FLAC3D对采空区覆岩宏观运动规律进行了数值模拟，深入分析开采过程中围岩应力和变形规律。研究表明，声发射技术是解决采空区动力失稳预测及诱发灾变预报的有效手段之一，为采空区动力失稳及灾变行为预报提供线索。

he acoustic emission (AE) will happen when the brittle material(brittle coal and rocks) caused micro-crack or fracture under the various stressing.Thus,AE real-time decting technique is evaluation method that can be used to study the damage initiation and propagation processes in coal and rocks under stressing.To control dynamic hazard, predicting the process upon the dynamic damage,crack and induce to instability of coal and surrounding rock in mined-out area. This paper is aims to dynamical damage and instability predicting for overburden rocks of mined-out area, with the depth of 6m of 1-2 coal seam, in the mining process at the Da-Liu-Ta Coal Mine in Shen-Dong Coal Region. The AE-based rock mechanical experiment under various loading models were performed and physical simulation experiment were designed, then AE-based experiment were finished. Through the contrastive anglicizing of rock damaging character and AE parameter, we can describe the inoculation and damaging progressing of rock in mine-out area. According to the AE theory of rocks damaging, we forecast the AE characteric parameters in the process of rock-mass damaging. It provides proof for the forecasting of coal-and-surrounding rock damage-prone. Using Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions—FLAC3D program, we fullfilled the numerical simulation through the movement regular while mining. Furthmore we find the stress-AE-displacement regularity, and construct them synthetically.The physical and mechanical mechanism of the stress-AE-deformation, the correlating relationship between coal-and-surrounding rock and AE were analyzed. AE technique is to find the general character of disaster, it is an efficient method to forecast dynamic damaging and mutating of mined-out area.