煤炭的自然发火威胁着煤矿井下的安全生产，巷道中漏风通道的持续漏风供氧，是引起煤炭自燃的最主要原因。因此使用喷涂堵漏材料封堵巷道中的漏风通道是防治煤炭自然发火的重要方法。喷涂堵漏材料除了能发挥堵漏风的作用外，还能阻燃、防止煤壁渗水和封堵瓦斯气体，对煤矿井下的防水、防火和堵漏风以及煤炭自燃灾害的防治具有重要的作用。本文以电厂固体废物粉煤灰作为巷道喷涂材料的粉料，选择多种粉煤灰的活性激发剂，制备和分析粉煤灰基巷道喷涂堵漏材料性能，得到了一种价格实惠、性能优良、适应于煤矿井下的巷道喷涂材料。同时为粉煤灰的资源化利用提供一种新的途径。本研究主要内容如下：

（1）根据聚合物水泥防水涂料的配方设计方法，在不同液粉比（液料/粉料）条件下，固定水泥:填料质量比为2:3，制备粉煤灰基巷道喷涂堵漏材料，应用聚合物水泥防水涂料物理性能测试方法，分别分析材料的干燥时间、拉伸性能、吸水率、阻燃性等物理性能。结果表明：随着液粉比的升高，材料的表干实干时间变长，材料的拉伸强度逐渐减小，断裂伸长率逐渐变大，吸水率逐渐减小，阻燃性能变差。当液粉比为1时，材料的拉伸强度为1.2MPa，断裂伸长率为120%，吸水率为4.7。经过综合分析，材料的最佳液粉比确定为0.4-0.5。

（2）采用最佳液粉比0.5，分别选择高铝水泥、白水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥作为无机粘合剂，分别选择碳酸钙、石英粉、滑石粉3种无机填料，制备喷涂堵漏材料，分析材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、吸水率等性能指标。结果表明：以硅酸盐水泥为无机粘合剂时，材料的物理性能表现较好，其拉伸强度为2.21MPa，断裂伸长率为60%，吸水率为5.5%，并且材料的成本更低，更加经济适用。使用石英粉作为无机填料时，材料的物理性能表现较好，材料的拉伸强度为2.81MPa，断裂伸长率为70%，吸水率为3.1%。最终选择硅酸盐水泥和石英粉为较优的无机粘合剂和无机填料。

（3）在液粉比为0.5，硅酸盐水泥：石英粉质量比为2：3的配方下，将配方中的硅酸盐水泥逐渐用粉煤灰部分替换，比较不同粉煤灰添加量对材料拉伸性能、粘结性能、吸水率的影响。结果表明：随粉煤灰添加量的增加，材料的拉伸性能、粘结强度、防水性能、粘结强度均出现了下降，当加入20%粉煤灰时，材料的拉伸强度为2.16MPa，断裂伸长率为65%，通过分析粉煤灰添加量对材料的物理性能的影响，将粉煤灰的添加量确定为20%。通过XRD物相分析，发现材料中的部分粉煤灰活性未激发，需要激发剂进一步增强材料的性能。

（4）比较了氢氧化钠、氯化钙、硫酸钠、三乙醇胺四种单一激发剂和氯化钙-硫酸钠、氢氧化钠-硫酸钠两种复合激发剂制备的材料各项性能指标。研究表明，单一激发剂中，添加2%硫酸钠的材料，其拉伸强度达到了2.43MPa，断裂伸长率达到了46%，粘结强度为1.1MPa，对材料的物理性能提升最好。在复合激发剂对材料的激发试验中，氯化钙：硫酸钠质量比为3:1时，材料的拉伸强度为2.52MPa，断裂伸长率为50%，物理性能表现最好。相较于单一激发剂复合激发剂对材料的拉伸强度提升了37%，柔韧性提高了8%。

（5）通过井下巷道的喷涂试验，检验了材料的堵漏风能力。结果表明：材料喷涂后巷道漏风量由120m³/min降低到60m³/min，降低了60m³/min，从总体来看，喷涂材料在巷道的喷涂有效降低了巷道漏风通道向采空区漏风，能够抑制采空区遗煤的自燃。

The natural ignition of coal threatens the safe production of coal mines, and the continuous air leakage and oxygen supply of air leakage channels in the roadway is the most important cause of spontaneous combustion of coal. Therefore, the use of spraying plugging materials to block the air leakage channel in the roadway is an important method to prevent the natural ignition of coal. In addition to playing the role of plugging the leakage wind, spraying plugging materials can also be flame retardant, prevent coal wall water seepage and block gas gas, which plays an important role in waterproofing, fire prevention and plugging of coal mine underground and the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion disasters. In this paper, the solid waste fly ash of the power plant was used as the powder of the roadway spraying material, and a variety of active promoters of fly ash were selected to prepare and analyze the performance of the flyash-based roadway spraying material, and a roadway spraying material with affordable price and excellent performance suitable for coal mine underground was obtained. At the same time, it provides a new way for the resource utilization of fly ash. The main contents of this study are as follows:

(1) According to the formula design method of polymer cement waterproof coating, under different liquid-powder ratio (liquid/powder) conditions, the mass ratio of fixed cement:filler is 2:3, fly ash-based roadway spraying materials are prepared, and the physical properties test method of polymer cement waterproof coating are applied to analyze the physical properties such as drying time, tensile performance, water absorption, flame retardancy and other physical properties of the material. The results show that with the increase of liquid-powder ratio, the surface drying time of the material becomes longer, the tensile strength of the material gradually decreases, the elongation at break gradually increases, the water absorption rate gradually decreases, and the flame retardant performance deteriorates. When the liquid-powder ratio is 1, the tensile strength of the material is 1.2MPa, the elongation at break is 120%, and the water absorption is 4.7. After comprehensive analysis, the optimal liquid-to-powder ratio of the material was determined to be 0.4-0.5.

(2) Using the best liquid-to-powder ratio of 0.5, high aluminum cement, white cement and ordinary Portland cement were selected as inorganic binders, and three kinds of inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate, quartz powder and talcum powder were selected respectively to prepare spraying and plugging materials, and analyze the tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption and other performance indicators of the materials. The results show that when Portland cement is used as an inorganic binder, the physical properties of the material are better, its tensile strength is 2.21MPa, the elongation at break is 60%, the water absorption rate is 5.5%, and the cost of the material is lower and more economical. When quartz powder is used as inorganic filler, the physical properties of the material are better, the tensile strength of the material is 2.81MPa, the fracture growth rate is 70%, and the water absorption rate is 3.1%. Finally, Portland cement and quartz powder were selected as the better inorganic binders and inorganic fillers.

(3) Under the formula with a liquid-to-powder ratio of 0.5 and Portland cement:quartz powder mass ratio of 2:3, Portland cement in the formula was gradually replaced with fly ash, and the effects of different fly ash addition amounts on the tensile properties, bonding properties and water absorption of the material were compared. The results show that with the increase of fly ash addition, the tensile properties, bonding strength, waterproof performance and bonding strength of the material decrease, when 20% fly ash is added, the tensile strength of the material is 2.16MPa, the elongation at break is 65%, and the amount of fly ash added is determined to be 20% by analyzing the influence of fly ash addition on the physical properties of the material. Through XRD phase analysis, it was found that some of the fly ash activities in the material were not excited, and an initiator was required to further enhance the performance of the material.

(4) The performance indicators of materials prepared by four single initiators, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate and triethanolamine, and two composite initiators, calcium chloride-sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide-sodium sulfate, were compared. The results show that the tensile strength of the material with 2% sodium sulfate in the single initiator reaches 2.43MPa, the elongation at break reaches 46%, and the bonding strength is 1.1MPa, which is the best improvement of the physical properties of the material. In the excitation test of the composite initiator on the material, when the mass ratio of calcium chloride:sodium sulfate is 3:1, the tensile strength of the material is 2.52MPa, the elongation at break is 50%, and the physical properties are the best. Compared with a single initiator, the composite provocator increases the tensile strength of the material by 37% and the flexibility by 8%.

(5) Through the spraying test of the underground roadway, the ability of the material to block the leakage air was verified. The results show that the air leakage volume of the roadway after material spraying is reduced from 120m3/min to 60m3/min, which is reduced by 60m3/min, and on the whole, the spraying of the spraying material in the roadway effectively reduces the air leakage from the roadway to the goaf area, which can inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf.

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