矿井开采留设的区段煤柱不仅浪费大量的煤炭资源，而且受强采扰动的影响频繁发生冲击现象，成为矿井生产的重大安全隐患。同时，煤炭资源开发产生的矸石废弃物被堆积至地表，给矿区生态环境造成了严重破坏。上述问题已严重制约了煤炭行业绿色低碳可持续发展，成为阻碍矿区煤炭资源开发与生态环境保护协同发展的技术难题。短壁间隔充填无煤柱开采作为一种环境友好型开采技术，在煤矿冲击灾害防控、生态环境保护和工业固废循环利用等方面具有显著的优势。本文以煤柱失稳冲击灾害防治和煤基固废无害化处置为研究目标，采用理论分析、室内实验、物理模拟实验和数值计算等多种手段相结合的方法，探究了煤基固废胶结充填材料宏细观力学行为特征，对比分析了留设原始煤柱和置换煤柱两种开采方式下工作面复合承载结构破坏演化特征，研究了充填体关键参数对巷道围岩力学特性及充填体能量耗散尺度效应，揭示了短壁间隔充填无煤柱开采复合承载结构调控防冲机理。论文的主要研究工作如下：

(1)通过煤基固废胶结充填材料力学实验，揭示了材料配比对胶结充填材料力学性能的影响规律。充填材料能量演化与力学特性的研究结果表明，骨料颗粒级配Talbot指数为0.6和粉煤灰占比为19 %时，充填材料承载性能与力学特性均处于最优状态；常规充填材料受压呈现明显的剪切破坏模式，而改性充填材料呈现典型的张拉破坏。粉煤灰与聚丙烯纤维是充填材料变形破坏和损伤演化的重要影响因素。并开展了充填体材料冲击倾向性鉴定，胶结充填材料相较于煤岩体而言不具备冲击倾向性。同时，针对胶结充填材料性能的主要影响因素，建立的改进PSO-XGBoost充填材料力学性能预测模型的平均误差为2.98 %，预测精度较高，泛化能力较强。

(2)开展了充填工作面复合承载结构破坏演化物理相似模拟实验。分析了留设原始煤柱和置换煤柱两种开采方式下覆岩应力场、位移场和能量场演化规律，揭示了两种开采方式覆岩移动规律及空间结构演化特征。相较于留设原始煤柱，置换开采工作面顶板初次破断期间悬顶长度减小了34%，覆岩垮落高度降低为原来的38.5%，且充填体相似材料在承载过程中卸压效果明显，应力集中程度明显降低，岩层断裂方式以拉伸破坏为主。置换区段煤柱充填开采工作面回采微震事件主要呈现出“高频低能”特征，岩层破坏的方式从高位岩层的拉伸破坏转变为低位岩层剪切破坏，导致后者低能量微震事件较多且分布广泛。

(3)揭示了短壁间隔充填无煤柱开采复合承载结构调控防冲机理。分析巷道诱冲主控因素，建立充填体-实体煤复合承载结构，推导充填体损伤本构方程，开展静载作用下充填体结构承载演化规律及塑性区扩展演化研究，发现受覆岩外部荷载的作用，充填体临近采空区侧首先出现损伤区域，损伤区域的扩展沿充填体的长度和厚度方向呈不均匀分布。在整个应力应变演化过程中充填体损伤程度呈现先缓慢上升后快速增加的趋势。建立的充填体-覆岩力学模型，发现充填体防冲关键因素是充填体力学特性及尺寸参数，力学性能主要影响充填体塑性区扩展范围，尺寸参数主要影响充填体能量吸收效果。

(4)构建了充填工作面关键参数优化数值计算模型。利用FLAC^3D动力分析模块分析巷道动态破坏特征，随着充填体宽度的增加，巷道围岩监测点震动速度呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势，但是质点震动速度总体是持续降低的过程。当充填体宽度为40 m时，巷道震动速度保持最低值为1.26 m/s，震动速度降幅达到59.6 %；随着充填体宽度的继续增加，巷道围岩震动速度下降幅度呈减弱的趋势。充填体吸能防冲特性存在一定的尺寸效应，当充填体宽度超过一定范围，充填体宽度增加带来的应力弱化的优势逐渐减弱。

(5)实现了短壁间隔充填无煤柱开采技术现场应用。系统地阐述了短壁间隔充填无煤柱生产系统、开采关键设备和采充工艺。结合矿井实际的地质条件及现有生产情况，设计了适用于该区域的短壁间隔充填无煤柱开采生产系统，给出了充填工作面主要开采参数，建立了充填效果及巷道围岩稳定性监测反馈系统。

论文研究成果为煤柱失稳冲击灾害防治和煤基固废无害化处置提供了科学基础，对推动煤炭行业“双碳”目标的实现具有重要意义。

The coal pillars left in mine development not only wasted a large amount of coal resources but are also frequently subjected to dynamic disasters due to strong mining disturbance, posing significant safety hazards in mine production. Meanwhile, the accumulation of gangue, a byproduct of coal resource development, on the surface causes serious ecological damage to the mining area. These issues severely hindere the green, low-carbon, and sustainable development of the coal industry, presenting a technical challenge to the coordinated development of coal resource exploitation and environmental protection in mining areas. Short-wall interval filling non-pillar coal mining, as an environmentally friendly mining technology, has significant advantages in preventing coal mining dynamic disasters, protecting the ecological environment, and recycling industrial solid waste. This study aimed to prevent and control coal pillar instability and dynamic disasters, and dispose of coal-based solid waste harmlessly. By employing a combination of theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, physical simulation tests, and numerical calculations. This study investigates the macro- and micro-mechanical behavior characteristics of coal-based solid waste cemented filling materials. It compares the failure evolution characteristics of the composite bearing structure under two mining methods—retaining original coal pillars and replacing coal pillars. The study also examines the effects of key filling parameters on the mechanical properties of surrounding rock in roadways and the energy dissipation scale effect of the filling body, revealing the regulatory and impact prevention mechanisms of the composite bearing structure in short-wall interval filling non-pillar coal mining. Thesis completed following work:

(1) Through mechanical experiments on coal-based solid waste cemented filling materials, the influence of material ratio on the mechanical properties of cemented filling materials was revealed. The research indicated that aggregate particle size distribution with a Talbot index of 0.6 and a fly ash content of 19% had a positive impact on the load-bearing characteristics and mechanical properties of filling materials. Conventional filling materials exhibit a distinct shear failure mode under compression, while modified filling materials show a typical tensile failure. Fly ash and polypropylene fibers were important factors influencing the deformation and damage evolution of filling materials. An identification of the impact tendency of filling material was carried out, and the results showed that cemented filling materials did not exhibit an impact tendency compared to coal-rock bodies. Based on the main influencing factors of cemented filling material properties, an improved PSO-XGBoost prediction model for the mechanical properties of filling materials was established, with an average error of 2.98% and high prediction accuracy and strong generalization ability.

(2) A physical similarity model of failure evolution of the composite load-bearing structure of the filling working face was constructed. The evolution rules of the overlying rock stress field, displacement field and energy field under the two mining methods of leaving the original coal pillar and substitution coal pillar were analyzed, and the overlying rock movement rules and spatial structure evolution characteristics of the two mining methods were revealed. During the initial break of the roof of the replacement mining working face, the length of the suspended roof was reduced by 34%, and the overlying rock collapse height was reduced to 38.5% of the original value. Similar materials in the filling body had an obvious pressure relief effect during the bearing process, and the stress concentration was significantly reduced, and the rock layer fractured The main method is tensile failure. The mining microseismic events in the coal pillar filling mining working face in the replacement section mainly show the characteristics of "high frequency and low energy". The rock formation damage mode changes from tensile failure of high-level rock formations to shear failure of low-level rock formations, resulting in more low-energy microseismic events in the latter. And widely distributed.

(3)The control and prevent rockburst mechanism of the composite bearing structure in short-wall interval filling non-pillar coal mining was revealed. The main factors controlling roadway rockburst were analyzed, and a composite bearing structure of the filling body-solid coal was established. The damage constitutive equation of the filling body was derived, research was conducted on the law of damage and plastic zone expansion under static loading, and it was found that under the external load of overlying strata, damage occurred first in the area near the goaf of the filling body, and the expansion of the damage area was uneven along the length and thickness directions of the filling body. The degree of damage of the filling body showed a trend of slow increase followed by rapid growth during the entire stress-strain evolution process. The established mechanical model of the filling body-overlying strata revealed that the key factors for prevent rockburst of the filling body were the mechanical properties and dimensional parameters of the filling body. The mechanical properties mainly affected the expansion range of the plastic zone of the filling body, and the dimensional parameters mainly affected the energy absorption effect of the filling body.

(4)A numerical calculation model for determining key parameters of the filling working face was constructed. The FLAC^3D dynamic analysis module was utilized to analyze the dynamic failure characteristics of roadways. With the increase of the width of the filling body, the vibration velocity of the monitoring points in the roadway surrounding rock showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again. However, the overall vibration velocity of the mass particles continuously decreased. When the width of the filling body was 40 m, the vibration velocity of the roadway maintained the lowest value of 1.26 m/s, with a reduction of 59.6%; as the width of the filling body continued to increase, the degree of reduction in the vibration velocity of the surrounding rock of the roadway showed a weakening trend. The energy absorption and rockburst prevention characteristics of the filling body exhibited a certain size effect. When the width of the filling body exceeded a certain range, the advantages of stress weakening brought by the increase in the width of the filling body gradually weakened.

(5)The on-site application of short-wall interval filling non-pillar coal mining was realized. The production system, key equipment, and mining and filling process of short-wall interval filling non-pillar coal were systematically elaborated. Combined with the actual geological conditions and existing production situations of mines, a production system suitable for the region was designed, the main mining parameters of the filling working face were provided, and a monitoring feedback system for filling effects and roadway stability was established.

Ultimately, the research results of this thesis provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of coal pillar instability and dynamic disasters, as well as the harmless disposal of coal-based solid waste, which is of great significance for promoting the realization of the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals of the coal industry.

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