目前，我国大部分矿区已经进入深部开采，然而，由于深部区域煤层埋深大，地应力较高、顶板运动规律不清楚、覆岩运移活跃等因素对煤矿开采造成了严重影响。以山西潞安集团余吾煤矿为例，该矿区煤层开采深度多处于500 m以上，采场应力高，围岩控制难度大，且缺乏对采场顶板覆岩活动过程的全面认识。因此，本文基于余吾煤矿高应力工作面地质条件，采用调研分析、物理实验、理论分析、数值计算和现场实测相结合的方法，对余吾高应力工作面顶板覆岩破断规律进行了研究。主要研究成果如下：
（1）在现场实地调研的基础上，分析总结了余吾煤矿的地质条件，并开展了煤岩体物理力学参数测试，分别得到煤样、砂质泥岩、粉砂岩等不同岩试样的物理力学参数，为后续的理论计算与数值模拟提供数据支撑。
（2）基于梁力学模型计算得到余吾煤矿目标工作面的初次来压步距与周期来压步距长度，基于基本顶厚板模型理论对工作面上方基本顶的初次破断应力状态进行了分析。并根据厚板模型理论，分析得到工作面基本顶初次破断时应力与挠度分布状态，在此基础上，对顶板覆岩的关键层所处层位进行了分析判别。
（3）借助3DEC数值模拟软件对工作面回采过程中的覆岩破断特征进行了研究，分析了不同回采阶段覆岩应力、应变及裂隙发育程度等相关参量的变化特征。
（4）基于微震监测技术建立微震监测系统，对工作面回采过程中的覆岩活动展开监测，得到采场不同时间段内微震事件的分布情况，并分析了微震事件整体在监测期间的空间分布状态。
（5）综合分析监测结果中的微震数据，得到工作面采动对顶板覆岩稳定性影响的超前范围和滞后影响范围分布，并基于垂直方向微震事件的分布特点，结合工作面地质赋存情况判断得到工作面裂隙带发育高度。研究了工作面两侧巷道顶板覆岩的相对活跃程度。
（6）通过分析采动影响下基于微震事件和位置分布的覆岩裂隙周期演化机理、微震事件的空间动态演化特征，总结了工作面覆岩裂隙周期性破断规律，得到了工作面的周期来压步距及冒落带高度。根据周期来压前后微震事件的分布特征，综合整个走向长度微震事件分布特点，对周期来压期间前后顶板的活跃程度进行了分析，并运用分形维数对断层稳定性规律进行了研究。
       本文通过综合运用现场调研、实验室实验、理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测等分析方法，从多个角度对潞安集团余吾煤矿高应力工作面顶板的覆岩破断规律进行了研究，得到了工作面顶板覆岩中关键层位置、基本顶初次垮落步距、周期垮落步距、采场裂隙带高度等对工作面安全回采具有关键意义的特征参数，研究成果将有助于进一步深化对高应力工作面采场覆岩运动规律的认识，推动余吾煤矿顶板灾害防治工作的发展，完善余吾煤矿高应力工作面覆岩运动理论，为顶板管理、围岩控制、矿井防突等措施提供科学支撑，对保障矿井的安全高效开采，防止顶板事故的发生具有很积极的实际意义。

At present, with the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources, most of Chinese coal mines have gradually entered the deep mining stage. However, due to the complex geological conditions of coal mines, the difference in coal seam depths is large, the ground stress is high, the roof movement law is unclear, and the overlying strata are transported. Factors such as migration activity have had a serious impact on coal mining. Taking Yuwu Coal Industry of Shanxi Lu'an Group as an example, the buried depth of the coal mining in this mining area is generally more than 500 m, and the stope stress is high, and there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the process of overburden rock activity on the roof of the stope. Therefore, based on the mining geological conditions of Yuwu coal mining face, this paper uses a comprehensive research method combining field investigation, laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement to study the breaking law of the overburden of Yuwu high-stress roof. The main research results of this paper are as follows:

(1) Analyzed and summarized the geological conditions of Yuwu Coal Industry, and carried out physical and mechanical parameter tests of coal and rock masses to obtain the uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength of coal, sandy mudstone, and siltstone. Parameters provide basic data for mechanical calculations and numerical simulations.

(2) Based on the calculation of beam mechanics model, the initial pressing step distance and the periodic pressing step length of the target working face of Yuwu Coal Industry are calculated. Based on the basic roof thickness plate model theory, the initial breaking stress state of the basic roof above the working face is analyzed. According to the theory of the thick plate model, the initial breaking step of the basic roof of the working face is obtained by analysis. On this basis, the layer position of the key layer of the roof overburden is analyzed and judged.

(3) With the aid of 3DEC numerical simulation software, the fracture characteristics of the overburden rock during the mining face were studied, and the change characteristics of related parameters such as the stress, strain and crack development degree of the overburden rock in different stages were analyzed.

(4) Establish a microseismic monitoring system based on the microseismic monitoring technology to monitor the overlying rock activity during the mining face, obtain the distribution of microseismic events in different time periods of the stope, and analyze the overall spatial distribution of microseismic events during the monitoring period status.

(5) Comprehensively analyze the microseismic data in the monitoring results to obtain the leading and lagging impact range distributions of the impact of mining on the roof overlying rock. Based on the distribution characteristics of microseismic events in the vertical direction, combined with the geological occurrence of the working face The development height of the fissure zone in the working face. The relative active degree of the overlying rock on the sides of the two roadways in the working face is studied.

(6) By analyzing the periodic evolution mechanism of overburden cracks based on microseismic events and location distribution and the spatial dynamic evolution characteristics of microseismic events under the influence of mining, the periodic breaking laws of overburden cracks in the working face are summarized, and the periodicity of the working face is obtained. Pressure step and height of caving zone. Combined with the distribution characteristics of microseismic events over the entire strike length, the activity level of the roof before and after the periodic compression is analyzed.

The subject comprehensively uses analysis and research methods such as field investigation, laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field measurement, etc., to investigate the breaking law of overlying strata in the high-stress roof face of Yuwu Coal Industry of Lu'an Group from multiple angles. The research has obtained the key layer position in the overburden of the working face, the initial collapse step of the basic roof, the periodic collapse step, the height of the stope fissure zone and other characteristic parameters that have key significance for the safe mining of the working face. The research results can be used for the guidance and reference of measures such as roof management, surrounding rock control, mine outburst prevention, have very positive practical significance for ensuring safe and efficient mining of mines and preventing roof accidents.

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