二十大报告指出，我国已进入创新型国家行列，推进高质量发展还有许多卡点瓶颈，需通过提高创新能力不断塑造发展新动能。高铁作为我国“十四五”时期交通基础建设重要内容，通过降低要素跨区域流动成本，促进区域间知识溢出，对区域创新能力产生扩散效应和集聚效应两种空间外部性，论文以此为切入点研究高铁开通对区域创新能力促进效果，对我国提升区域创新能力，加快创新型国家建设具有重要意义。

论文梳理总结了区域创新、交通基础设施建设对区域创新的影响以及高铁开通引发区域创新能力扩散效应和集聚效应的国内外相关研究成果，界定了高铁开通城市、区域创新能力及其扩散效应和集聚效应等概念。在总结新经济地理学、国家创新系统理论和内生增长理论等理论的基础上，选取2008年至2019年我国297个地级及以上城市为研究样本，构建包括3个一级指标，7个二级指标，24个三级指标的区域创新能力评价指标体系，运用全局熵值法对各城市区域创新能力进行测算。确定各年10月1日为高铁开通时间分界点，按是否开通高铁将全部样本划分为实验组和对照组，运用匹配差分法和空间差分法检验高铁开通对区域创新能力的扩散效应；选取区域创新能力区位熵、区域创新产出区位熵、科技支出指标和从业人员指标等四个指标，运用因子分析法测算创新能力集聚指标，结合局部莫兰指数和LISA集聚图分析高铁开通对区域创新能力的集聚效应。结果表明：我国区域创新能力分布总体上呈现东高西低，与经济社会发展格局相符；城市开放水平对于区域创新能力影响明显；总体上，高铁开通对区域创新能力有显著促进作用，且存在显著区域异质性，对于华北、华东、华南、西南、西北地区促进作用显著，对于东北及华中地区则不显著；随着高铁开通时间的延长，区域创新能力扩散效应逐年增强，集聚效应逐年缓解。基于此，论文从五个方面提出对策建议，旨在有效利用高铁开通效应，推动区域创新能力提升。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that China has entered the ranks of innovative countries, and there are still many bottlenecks in promoting high-quality development, and it is necessary to continuously shape new momentum for development by improving innovation capabilities. As an important content of transportation infrastructure construction in China's "14th Five-Year Plan" period, high-speed rail reduces the cost of cross-regional flow of factors, promotes interregional knowledge spillover, and produces two spatial externalities of diffusion effect and agglomeration effect on regional innovation ability.

The paper compared and summarized the relevant domestic and foreign research results of regional innovation and transportation infrastructure construction on regional innovation, as well as the diffusion effect and agglomeration effect of regional innovation capability triggered by high-speed rail operation, and defined the concepts of high-speed railway operation cities, regional innovation capacity and its diffusion effect and agglomeration effect. On the basis of summarized the theories of new economic geography, national innovation system theory and endogenous growth theory, 297 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2008 to 2019 are selected as research samples, and a regional innovation capacity evaluation index system including 3 primary indicators, 7 secondary indicators and 24 tertiary indicators was constructed, and the global entropy value method was applied to measure the regional innovation capacity of each city. The regional innovation capacity diffusion effect of high-speed railway operation on regional innovation capacity was tested by using the matched difference method and the spatial difference method; four indicators of regional innovation capacity locational entropy, regional innovation output locational entropy, science and technology expenditure indicator and employee indicator are selected, and the innovation capacity agglomeration was measured by using factor analysis. The results show that the distribution of regional innovation capacity in China is generally high in the east and low in the west, which is consistent with the pattern of economic and social development; the level of urban openness has a significant impact on regional innovation capacity; in general, high-speed railway operation has a significant promotion effect on regional innovation capacity, and there is significant regional heterogeneity, with significant promotion effect on North China, East China, South China, West China and Northwest China, but not on Northeast China and Central China. With the extension of the operation time of high-speed railway, the diffusion effect of regional innovation capacity increases year by year, and the agglomeration effect decreases year by year. Based on this, the thesis proposes countermeasures from five aspects, aiming to effectively utilize the opening effect of high-speed rail and promote the regional innovation capacity.