电机是工业应用及电能生产的基本装备，同时也是自动调节控制系统的核心部件之一，应用领域极为广泛。因此弄清和熟悉电机的特性就更是尤为重要的。本文阐述了一种新的电机特性的测试方法以及具体实施方案。 首先，本文以非接触式的电机转速测量方法为核心，基于计算机技术和仪器技术相结合的虚拟仪器技术开发了一套电机测试系统。根据信号的测量方法设计首先搭建了虚拟仪器测试系统的硬件部分，包括PXI测试平台的选择、传感器的选择、前端调理电路的设计以及信号调理设备和数据采集卡的选择等；同时采用LabVIEW图形化编程语言设计了虚拟仪器测试系统的软件部分。本文开发的电机测试系统完成了同步、实时监测电机的转速、三相电压和三相电流等多路信号，并对采得的信号可实现实时存储、动态回放和分析处理以及图形打印等功能。最后用常规的转速测量方法验证了基于虚拟仪器的非接触式转速测量方法的测试结果。 其次，本文建立了电机的近似数学模型；进而利用其部分测试结果，基于MATLAB对该电机的模型进行了最小二乘的参数辨识，从而得到电机系统近似数学模型。 最后，本文在深入学习无速度传感器矢量控制技术和电机转速辨识方法的基础上，建立了基于转矩电流分量的自适应转速辨识模型和基于无功功率的模型参考自适应（MRAS）转速辨识模型；结合由最小二乘法辨识得到的电机系统近似数学模型，将两个MRAS速度辨识模型应用到无速度传感器异步电动机矢量控制系统中，并基于MATLAB/ SIMULINK对这两种MRAS速度辨识的结果进行了分析和讨论，结论表明两种速度辨识方案优略不同，均切实有效可行。

The motor is the basic equipment in the industry application and electric energy production. At the same time, it is one of the core parts in auto-control system. Its application field is very wide. So it is very significant to make clear its characteristic. In this paper, based on identification, a testing method and its detail scheme of induction motor’s characteristic is discussed. Firstly, based on the virtual instrument technology, a motor testing system is developed, and the non-contact method of motor speed testing is the core of the whole testing system. According to the method of the signal testing, the hardware part of the virtual instrument (VI) system is built. The hardware part includes the selection of testing platform, the sensors, the signal conditioner, the data acquisition card and the design of associated circuits, etc. At the same time, the software part of the VI testing system is designed in graphical programming environment—LabVIEW. In this developed motor testing system, the data acquisition can be achieved in synchronism for a long time, including the motor voltage, current and speed. And this system also can realize the real-time recording, dynamic reading, analyzing and graphic printing to the colleted data. At last, the test result is verified by using the custom method. Secondly, the paper constructs an approximate mathematics model for the motor .And based on the upper result, the paper realizes the parameter identification using the LSM in the MATLAB environment, and then the approximate mathematics model is obtained. Finally, the vector control technology with speed sensorless and the motor speed identification method are studied. And two speed identification models based on the method of Model Reference Adaptive System are founded. Combined with the approximate mathematics model for the motor, the two speed identification models are used in the speed sensorless vector control system in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Then the two results obtained by the two speed identification models are discussed. The discussing result demonstrates that the method of MRAS speed identification is feasible and effective.