感应电机的控制方式主要有三种,分别为直接转矩控制、恒压频比控制、矢量控制，各种控制方法都有其特有的优缺点，而矢量控制相较于其它方法优点更为明显，因此，近些年来在交流调速领域中应用较为广泛。高性能的矢量控制系统都是转速闭环的,而实现转速闭环系统的前提是对于转速的准确辨识，传统的转速辨识方法是在电机的轴承上安装速度传感器等元件，而这种方法不仅增加了成本、破坏了电机固有特性，并且在一些特殊的场合测速精度会受到较大影响,所以研究无速度传感器矢量控制就显得至关重要。 本文根据对矢量坐标变换公式的推导建立了不同坐标系下的异步电机数学模型，其中不同的坐标系主要包括三相静止坐标系、两相静止坐标系、两相旋转坐标系，并详细分析了矢量控制的基本原理。另外，通过按转子磁场定向的原理得到了矢量控制的控制方程，实现了励磁电流和转矩电流的完全解耦。同时，还对空间矢量 调制方法的基本原理做了分析研究，对其中所涉及的公式进行了推导，给出了具体的实现步骤。接着对无速度传感器矢量控制系统中的转子磁链观测方法做了简要介绍，并分析了不同观测方法的优缺点，给出了改进后的转子磁链观测模型。对文中模型参考自适应系统所涉及的理论基础和基本原理做了研究，并设计了一套以转子磁链为基础的模型参考自适应转速辨识系统，其自适应律通过波波夫稳定性理论可以得到，还对系统的动态稳定性进行了分析，同时给出了电压重构技术的基本原理，作为模型参考自适应系统的理论基础。综上，建立无速度传感器矢量控制系统的框图。 在上述理论分析的基础上，本文在 仿真环境下对系统的子模块进行建模，对改进的以转子磁链为基础的模型参考自适应系统进行仿真验证，并且搭建了以 的控制芯片 为核心的变频调速系统硬件平台，最后对部分硬件电路和软件算法做了简要介绍。通过对电机实行加速、减速、正转、反转、加载等实验，观察辨识转速在电机转速调整过程中对实际转速的响应快慢和跟踪性能，并且与仿真波形做对比分析，验证了该方法辨识转速精度较高，具有一定的可行性。

There are three kinds of control methods of induction motor, which are direct torque control, constant voltage-frequency ratio control and vector control that have their own advantages and disadvantages, but compared with other methods, vector control has more obvious advantages, so it is widely used in the field of AC speed regulation in recent years. High performance vector control system is a closed loop speed control system. The premise of the speed closed-loop system is the accurate speed identification, the traditional speed identification method is to install the speed sensor and other components on the motor bearing, however, this method not only increases the cost, but also destroys the inherent characteristics of the motor, and the accuracy will be greatly affected in some special occasions, so it is very important to study the speed sensorless vector control. In this paper, the mathematical model of asynchronous motor in different coordinate systems, which consist of three-phase stationary coordinate system, two-phase stationary coordinate system and two-phase rotating coordinate system, is established, which is based on the derivation of vector coordinate transformation formula, and the basic principle of vector control is analyzed in detail. In addition, according to the principle of rotor magnetic field orientation, the control equation of vector control is obtained, and the decoupling of excitation current and torque current is achieved. Meanwhile, the basic principle of the space vector modulation (PWM) method is analyzed, and the formulas involved are deduced, and the concrete implementation steps are given. Then, the method of rotor flux observer in speed sensorless vector control system is introduced briefly, and advantages and disadvantages of different observation methods are analyzed, and the improved rotor flux observation model is given. The theoretical basis and basic principles of the model reference adaptive system are studied, and the model reference adaptive speed identification system based on rotor flux is designed, and adaptive law can be obtained by Popov stability theory, and the dynamic stability of system is also analyzed, and the basic principle of voltage reconstruction technology is given, which is the theoretical basis of model reference adaptive system. In summary, the block diagram of speed sensorless vector control system is established. Based on the above theoretical analysis, the sub module of the system is modeled in the simulation environment, the improved rotor flux based model reference adaptive system is simulated and verified, the hardware platform of the variable frequency speed regulation system based on TMS320F28335 is built, finally, the hardware circuit and software algorithm are briefly introduced. Based on the experiments of motor acceleration, deceleration, forward rotation, reverse rotation and loading, the response speed and tracking performance of identification speed in the motor speed adjustment process are observed, and compared with the simulation waveform, and compared with the simulation waveform, it is proved that the method has high accuracy and feasibility.