在煤矿钻孔水位监测系统中，钻孔水位是煤矿最重要的安全参数，水位传感器是实现其测量的主要设备。目前，常用的浮子式水位传感器工作原理简单、稳定可靠，广泛应用在水利水电行业，但是其测量结果的准确性易受水波大幅波动影响。投入式水位传感器由于受水质的影响，传感器存在测量结果不准确、使用时间短等问题。因此针对以上问题，提出并设计一种高可靠性水位传感器。 本文研究基于STC单片机的高可靠性水位传感器的设计与实现，重点进行了传感器机械结构设计、硬件电路设计和软件设计，论文的研究工作和研究成果主要包括以下几个方面： 通过对常用地下水位测量方法的分析和对矿用水位传感器通用技术规约的学习，提出高可靠性水位传感器的总体设计方案。根据传感器的功能要求和性能指标，利用STC12LE5A60S2单片机完成了水位传感器数据采集、处理的整体方案。 机械设计方面，传统浮子式水位传感器机械设计配有重锤，体积大，不适用于井口较小的水位测量，因此本文采用自收揽装置，利用浮子、钢丝绳和卷簧的作用力带动绝对编码器的转动。具有体积小、水位测量时传感器不直接与水质接触等特点。 硬件电路设计方面，常用的水位传感器工作电压较大，功耗较高，一般工作在电资源比较匮乏的野外，为了使传感器能长时间工作，本文在传感器芯片选型和电路设计中，均采用低功耗设计，电路设计中采用单片机空闲IO口直接驱动段式液晶的显示方法，不仅节省传感器的成本，而且降低了功耗。 软件设计方面，由于卷簧对浮子的拉力是非线性的，浮子的露水高度随拉力的不同而不同，为了提高传感器测量精度，采用分段线性插值法对传感器测量结果标定。 通过实验完成了水位传感器的整机调试和性能测试。

In the coal mine drilling water level monitoring system ,the water level is one of the most important safety parameters, and it is the main equipment to realize water level measurement. At present, the working principle of float type water level sensor is simple, and the performance of it is stable and reliable, so it is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower industry. However, the accuracy of measurement results is easily affected by wave fluctuations. the commonly used submerged water level sensor is affected by the water quality, which lead to the inaccurate results, short using time and so on. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes and designs a high reliability level sensor. The main work and achievements are summarized as follows: Through analyzing the measuring method of common underground water level and studying the general technical specification of mine water level sensor, the overall design scheme of the high reliability of the water level sensor is proposed. According to the functional requirements and performance indicators of the sensor, this paper completes the whole scheme of the acquisition and process of water level sensor data with the stc12le5a60s2 MCU. In mechanical design, the traditional float level sensor is unsuitable for smaller wellhead because it is equiped with heavy hammer and has large volume. Therefore, this paper uses self-close device in which the rotation of absolute encoder is driven by the force of float, wire rope and coil spring. The sensor has the characteristics of small volume and indirection with water. In hardware design, owing to the large operating voltage and power consumption of common water level sensor, low power consumption is applied in the chip selection and electronic design of sensor. It is not only saves the cost of the sensor, but also reduces the power consumption by using the display method of segment LCD driven by single-chip idle IO port directly. In software design, in order to improve the measurement accuracy of the sensor, the piecewise linear interpolation method is used to calibrate the results of sensor measurement. Debugging and testing performance characteristic of the water level sensor is accomplished.