不同变质程度的煤自燃倾向性不同，但都具有氧化放热性。本文系统研究了不同变质程度的煤氧化特性及其主要官能团在升温过程中的变化规律，从惰化煤中活性官能团和吸收煤氧化放热量的角度，探索了能够抑制煤氧化放热过程的高效阻化剂及其性能。研究结果对煤自燃阻化技术具有重要科学和实践意义。 （1）采用STA-FTIR技术，研究了不同变质程度的煤氧化特性及其变化规律。研究结果表明，随着煤变质程度降低，煤中挥发分含量增高，煤氧化过程特征温度点逐渐减小，各阶段的表观活化能和指前因子逐渐降低，热释放速率和放热量增大；变质程度越低的煤，燃烧越充分，生成CO2越多，CO越少，逸出气体的初始温度和峰值温度越低。 （2）采用原位漫反射红外光谱技术（DRIFTS），研究了煤样所含官能团特征，及其在整个升温过程中的变化规律。研究表明，任一变质程度的煤中，主要官能团所占比例大小为：含氧官能团>芳香烃>脂肪烃。随着煤变质程度增高，煤中脂肪烃-CH2-/-CH3和芳香烃含量逐渐增加，含氧官能团逐渐减少。脂肪烃-CH2-/-CH3、含氧官能团-OH和-COOH是煤在升温过程中发生氧化反应的主要活性官能团；变质程度越低的煤中，这些官能团的活性越大。 （3）基于对煤中活性官能团-COOH的惰化原理和煤氧化放热量抑制机制，制备了锌镁铝类水滑石固体阻化剂（Zn/Mg/Al-CO3-LDHs），并采用原位共沉淀法将LDHs与6种煤样复合，形成煤基矿物复合材料（CLCs）。采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM/EXD等技术对LDHs和CLCs进行表征，并借助DRIFTS和STA-FTIR技术，探讨了水滑石的物理、化学阻化机理。研究发现，LDHs层板-OH能够与煤中活性官能团-COOH产生弱氢键作用，且Zn2+、Mg2+、Al3+与煤表面存在吸附和络合平衡，在升温过程中能够不同程度地延缓煤中主要官能团的氧化分解反应，降低煤氧化反应速率；在升温过程中LDHs发生多级热分解吸热效应，可在一定程度上吸收煤氧化反应所放出的热量，降低煤体温度，从而预防和控制煤自燃。 （4）基于物理吸热冷却阻化机理，合成了一种具有温度敏感特性的液体阻化剂P(NIPAm-co-SA)水凝胶。通过正交试验确定了最佳聚合条件，并采用FT-IR对产物结构进行表征。分别从温敏性能、流变性能、热性能等角度分析了P(NIPAm-co-SA)相转变机理和煤自燃防治机理。研究结果表明，P(NIPAm-co-SA)水凝胶具有温度敏感特性，其体积相转变温度（LCST）为59℃，且热稳定性较好。低温下，该水凝胶可溶于水，流动性较好，可渗透于煤体内部，形成均匀包裹覆盖；温度达到LCST后，发生吸热的体积相转变行为，排出水分形成凝胶，其浊度、黏度、流变性均发生明显变化，能够粘附于煤体表面，阻隔煤、氧进一步接触，同时水分大量蒸发可对煤表面降温，具有良好阻燃作用，也是一种高效的水系灭火剂。 （5）采用STA-FTIR技术，从特征温度点、放热量、逸出气体、活化能等角度，对比分析了自行研制的锌镁铝水滑石、温敏性水凝胶与3种市售阻化剂（磷酸氢二铵、磷酸钠、氯化镁）对不同变质程度的煤的阻化效果。研究结果表明，本文所研制的锌镁铝水滑石阻化剂和温敏性水凝胶阻化液，对不同变质程度的煤，其阻化效果明显优于市售阻化剂，绿色环保，应用领域广泛，具有良好应用前景。

There are different tendencies of spontaneous combustion for different metamorphic degree of coal; but they both have exothermic properties. Thus, the change of oxidation characteristics and main functional groups for different metamorphic degree of coal was investigated during the heating process. In addition, the performance of inhibitor is explored for inhibition of oxidation and exothermic behavior of coal by inerting of functional group and absorption of heat. The main findings are shown as follows: (1) STA-FTIR technology was used to observe the change of oxidation characteristics of coal. According to experimental results, with the decrease in metamorphic degree of coal, the volatile matters were increased, and the characteristic temperatures were gradually decreased. The apparent activation energy and frequency factor of different stages were lower, and heat release rate and total released heat is higher. In addition, there was a full combustion process and generation of great amounts of CO2 and less CO with lower metamorphic degree of coal, and the initial temperature and peak temperature for gases releasewere lower. (2) The differences of functional group of coal were investigated by DRIFTS during the heating process. From the results, the proportions of main functional group for any kind of metamorphic degree of coalwas oxygen containing functional group > aromatics > fat hydrocarbon. With the increase ofmetamorphic degree of coal, the proportions of fat hydrocarbon and aromatics were gradually increased, but the proportion of oxygen containing functional group decreased. Additionally, we found that fat hydrocarbon and oxygen containing functional group were the main functional groupsduring oxidation reaction of coal during heating process. Moreover, the activity of these functional groups became higher with lower metamorphic degree of coal. (3) Based on the inert function of functional group and inhibition of exothermic reaction for coal, the solid inhibitor, Zn/Mg/Al-CO3-LDHs,is prepared to combine with six types of coal byin-situ co-precipitation method, forming the complex materials of Zn/Mg/Al-LDHs/coal composites (CLCs). The structure of LDHs and CLCs could be identified by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM/EXD. The chemical and physical inhibition mechanisms of LDHs were also explored by STA-FTIR and DRIFTS. We found that the –OH of LDHs was able to generate the weak hydrogen bond which could react with the active–COOH functional group of coal. In addition, the surface adsorption and binding equilibrium is formed amongZn2+, Mg2+, and Al3+ and coal that could delay the oxidation and decomposition reaction to some extent for main functional groups of coal during heating process, decreasing the oxidation reaction rate of coal. Moreover, LDHs have multistage endothermic reaction based on thermal decomposition during heating process that could adsorb the heat from oxidation reaction to decrease the temperature of coal. Therefore, the spontaneous combustion of coal is further prevented and controlled. (4) Based on physical inhibition mechanism of cooling and decalescence, a temperature-sensitive liquid inhibitor P(NIPAm-co-SA)was synthetized, and the optimum polymerization conditions of P(NIPAm-co-SA)was determined by orthogonal tests. The chemical characteristics of P(NIPAm-co-SA)were identified by FTIR. The phase change and prevention and control mechanism of spontaneous combustion of coal via the effects of P(NIPAm-co-SA)was analyzed by performance of temperature, fluid change, and heat. According to the results, P(NIPAm-co-SA) possessed excellent sensitivity to temperature and high thermal stability. The LCST of P(NIPAm-co-SA) is 59℃. At lower temperature, P(NIPAm-co-SA)was able to dissolve into water, and it has outstanding fluidity to easily permeate into the interior of coal, forming a cladding layer. Moreover, when the temperature of P(NIPAm-co-SA) reaches to LCST, the endothermic reaction occurred due to phase change and the water could be exhausted during the process. At the same time, the concentration, viscosity, properties of fluid change were also obviously changed. So P(NIPAm-co-SA) could adhere to the coal surface, isolating the contact of the oxygen. In addition, a great amount of water vapor could lower the temperature of coal. Therefore, P(NIPAm-co-SA) has excellent inhibiting effect and is a highly efficient water extinguishing agent. (5) We use the STA-FTIR technique to determine the inhibiting effect ofZn/Mg/Al-CO3-LDHs, thermosensitive hydrogel, and three types ofcommercialinhibitors (ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate,magnesium chloride) based on various critical factors, such as characteristic temperatures, total heat release, released gases, and apparent activation energy. According to the results, the inhibiting effect of self-made Zn/Mg/Al-CO3-LDHs and P(NIPAm-co-SA) is obviously better than commercial inhibitors for different metamorphic degree of coal. Therefore, they could be used as green and environment-friendly material to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal.