煤自燃引发的煤火灾害遍布世界各地，并且严重威胁着矿工人身安全和矿井安全生产。同时煤自然又是一个极其复杂的物理化学变化，目前虽然煤炭防自燃类材料有很多种，但都存在着一定的缺点。 本文基于煤炭自燃发火条件及煤氧复合学说，研究探索自制阻化剂稀土层状双氢氧化物抑制煤自燃的阻化特性，依此推测研究自制阻化剂的阻化机理。首先通过自制实验台制备出形貌可控的稀土层状双氢氧化物（LDHs），通过X射线衍射分析与电镜扫描分析不同金属离子比对LDHs的结构与形貌的影响。借助程序升温实验研究了色连煤样，及其在添加阻化剂之后的特征气体浓度、耗氧速率、氧化放热强度等变化规律，从而对比分析自制阻化剂的抑制煤自燃效果。通过热重-红外-色谱/质谱联用技术，对比分析了添加阻化剂前后特征温度点以及热量的变化，从而分析自制阻化剂的阻化效果以及热效应。结合前人研究成果，提出阻化剂LDHs与煤吸热耦合调控机理。LDHs因其含有大量外在水和层间水，以及层板水和层板吸附阴离子，一方面可以吸收煤低温氧化阶段产生的热量，另一方面可以阻隔氧向煤表面的渗透扩散，水分子逸出的同时带走煤体氧化产生的热量，从而减缓煤体温度的升高，从而达到预防煤自燃的效果。 本文采用煤自燃程序升温实验平台及热重-红外-色谱/质谱联用技术，研究稀土层状双氢氧化物的阻化特性，将稀土层状双氢氧化物的多级热分解吸热效应等阻燃特征因素特性用于煤炭自燃防治过程中，是煤自燃阻化剂研发的崭新课题，具有重要的理论价值和研究意义。

Coal spontaneous combustion of coal fire disasters around the world, and a serious threat to the miners' personal safety and coal mine safety production. Coal nature is an extremely complicated physical and chemical changes, although the coal spontaneous combustion prevention materials a lot, but there are some shortcomings. Based on the condition of spontaneous combustion of coal and coal oxygen compound theory, study to explore the inhibitor for the homemade agent of rare earth of layered double hydroxide inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion characteristics of the inhibitor, accordingly concluded that the homemade inhibitor agent mechanism of the inhibitor. First by self-made test bench was morphology of rare earth of layered double hydroxide (LDHs), by X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscope scanning analysis of different metal ions than the influence of the structure and performance of LDHs. Color even coal sample is studied by using temperature programmed experiments, and the characteristics of the gas concentration after adding the inhibitor agent, oxygen consumption rate, such as oxidation exothermal intensity changing rule, and contrast analysis of the inhibitor for the homemade agent inhibitory effect of coal spontaneous combustion. By thermogravimetric - infrared chromatography/mass spectrometry technology, analysis of the characteristics of temperature before and after adding the inhibitor agent point change, thus the inhibitor for the analysis of homemade resistance agent effect. Combining previous research results, this paper puts forward the inhibitor agent LDHs and regulation mechanism of coal heat coupling. LDHs because it contains a lot of external water and water layers, and layer board of water and anion adsorption layer board, on the one hand, can absorb the heat generated by the coal low temperature oxidation stage, on the other hand can cut off the oxygen to the coal surface diffusion, the water molecules escape at the same time take away the heat generated by the coal oxidation, so as to slow the rise of coal temperature, so as to achieve the effect of preventing coal spontaneous combustion. Based on the coal spontaneous combustion experiment platform and thermogravimetric - infrared temperature programmed chromatography/mass spectrometry technology, the research of rare earth of layered double hydroxide resistance characteristics of the rare earth multistage decomposition heat absorption effect of layered double hydroxide flame retardant characteristics of factors such as features for prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion process, coal spontaneous combustion is the inhibitor agent research and development of new subject, has important theory value and research significance.