为了有效防控综放面采空区自然发火，以新安煤矿七采区负460十层左倾工作面为工程背景，通过实验研究、数值模拟、现场观测与应用相结合的方法，开展了综放面采空区煤自燃分级预警与注氮系统联动技术研究，结果表明：

（1）通过对七采区负460十层左倾综放工作面煤样开展程序升温实验，测得煤样在升温过程中煤自燃指标气体的变化规律、不同气体比值、耗氧速率和放热强度等煤自燃特性参数，优选CO、C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₂H₄/C₂H₆、ΔCO/ΔO₂作为煤自燃分级预警指标，将煤自燃进程划分为初值及5个（灰、蓝、黄、橙、红）预警等级，进而建立起煤自燃分级预警指标体系。

（2）通过开展多孔介质的氮气渗流实验，研究不同粒径条件下氮气渗流过程中的渗流速度和压力梯度的变化规律，通过将流速-渗流压力梯度数据进行拟合，分析得出表征松散煤体内N₂渗流理论模型，并通过数值方法验证了模型的准确性。

（3）依据现场观测数据和数值模拟结果，分析确定了负460十层左倾工作面采空区自然发火“三带”分布范围。基于该范围的划分，利用数值模拟软件模拟了不同注氮参数条件下采空区氧化带的变化情况，据此分析出最佳注氮位置在进风侧距离工作面55 m处，合理的注氮量应不小于1500 m³/h。

（4）依据建立的煤自燃分级预警指标体系，结合不同注氮参数条件下模拟采空区氧化带的变化情况，建立采空区不同预警等级下的采空区注氮措施。利用煤矿井下环网和PLC控制系统将制氮机与监测预警平台互联，将煤自燃特征信息监测预警与注氮装置进行联动。基于此，现场应用过程中在出现I级灰色预警时，注氮设备响应，通过向采空区压注氮气后，监测点O₂浓度由18~20%降低至8%以下，注氮口附近最低降至4.3%。

In order to effectively prevent and control the spontaneous combustion in the goaf of fully mechanized caving face, taking the left inclined working face of negative 460 ten layers in the seventh mining area of Xin 'an Coal Mine as the engineering background, through the combination of experimental research, numerical simulation, field observation and application, the research on the linkage technology of coal spontaneous combustion classification early warning and nitrogen injection system in the goaf of fully mechanized caving face is carried out. The results show that :

Through the programmed temperature rise experiment on the coal samples of the negative 460 ten-layer left-leaning fully mechanized top coal caving face in the seven mining area, the variation law of the coal spontaneous combustion index gas, the different gas ratios, the oxygen consumption rate and the heat release intensity of the coal spontaneous combustion characteristic parameters during the heating process of the coal samples were measured. The CO, C₂H₄, C₂H₆, C₂H₄ / C₂H₆, ΔCO / ΔO₂ were selected as the early warning index of coal spontaneous combustion classification. The coal spontaneous combustion process was divided into initial value and five ( gray, blue, yellow, orange, red ) early warning levels, and then the coal spontaneous combustion classification early warning index system was established.

Through the nitrogen seepage experiment of porous media, the variation law of seepage velocity and pressure gradient in the process of nitrogen seepage under different particle size conditions is studied. By fitting the flow velocity-seepage pressure gradient data, the theoretical model of N₂ seepage in loose coal is obtained, and the accuracy of the model is verified by numerical method.

Based on the field observation data and numerical simulation results, the distribution range of spontaneous combustion ' three zones ' in the goaf of the negative 460 ten-layer left-leaning working face was analyzed and determined. Based on the division of this range, the numerical simulation software was used to simulate the changes of the oxidation zone in the goaf under different nitrogen injection parameters. Based on this, it was analyzed that the best nitrogen injection position was 55 m away from the working face on the inlet side, and the reasonable nitrogen injection amount should not be less than 1500 m³ / h.

Based on the established early warning index system of coal spontaneous combustion classification, combined with the changes of simulated oxidation zone in goaf under different nitrogen injection parameters, the nitrogen injection measures in goaf under different early warning levels in goaf are established. The nitrogen generator is interconnected with the monitoring and early warning platform by using the underground ring network and PLC control system of coal mine, and the monitoring and early warning of coal spontaneous combustion characteristic information is linked with the nitrogen injection device. Based on this, in the process of field application, when grade I gray warning occurs, the nitrogen injection equipment responds. After injecting nitrogen into the goaf, the O₂ concentration at the monitoring point is reduced from 18 ~ 20 % to less than 8 %, and the minimum near the nitrogen injection port is reduced to 4.3 %.

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