白皎煤矿深井高构造应力软岩巷道支护，是长期困扰矿井正常生产的技术难题。深井巷道处于高地应力环境中，如果存在高水平构造应力，将给煤矿巷道支护带来很大的难度，而在此条件下的膨胀性软岩巷道支护，也是尚待攻克的技术课题。因此，研究高地应力软岩条件下的巷道支护，具有重要的理论和实践意义，是保证深部矿井安全开采的关键。 本文从软岩的概念着手，探讨了软岩特征、力学属性及其分类；现场取样测定了围岩物理力学性质和矿物成分，得出巷道底板为膨胀性粘土岩和泥岩，揭示了白皎煤矿巷道底板易发生底鼓的主要原因，确定了矿区软岩巷道属于高应力-强膨胀复合型软岩。 现场调查与实测，系统地分析了白皎矿三种典型软岩巷道（回采巷道、底板道、下山巷道）的变形规律和破坏特征。回采巷道受采动和底板软岩的影响，易发生片帮和底鼓；底板道、下山巷道不仅受采动、软岩等因素的影响，还受到水平构造应力的影响，造成两帮移近和底鼓。通过数值计算，得出了巷道在不同支护条件下变形破坏的特征，揭示了巷道变形与破坏机理。巷道破坏区主要是拉破坏区和剪破坏区，顶板虽能得到较好的控制，但两帮和底板却得不到有效的控制，顶底和两帮移近量大，底鼓明显。支护的关键在于加强帮部和帮角的控制，并做好两帮和底板支护的衔接。 在研究巷道顶板受力情况下，提出了顶板的“极限自稳平衡拱”的概念，并给出了平衡拱理论计算公式。同时，分析了帮破坏与顶板的关系以及底鼓的影响因素和治理措施。提出了“治顶先治帮，治帮先治底，肩脚是关键，整体控制”的支护原则。 最后，通过数值计算和理论分析，分别提出了回采巷道锚网加钢梁及锚索加强支护，底板道与下山巷道的锚网（索）及优化断面的软岩巷道支护方案，并进行了工程实践，为同类巷道支护提供了有益借鉴。

The supporting of deep high tectonic stress soft rock roadway has been a difficult technical problem of the Baijiao Coal Mine for really a long time. If there is a high level of tectonic stress while the roadway in the highlands of stress environment. It will bring a great deal of difficulties to the Coal Mine roadway supporting, and in this condition, the technical issues of swelling soft rock roadway supporting remain expectation to be solved. Therefore, study on the soft rock support on the conditions of high stress and swelling is of important significance in both theoretical and practical, and is the key to ensure the safe exploitation of deep mine. From the concept of soft rock, this article discusses the characteristic and mechanics attribute, and classification of the soft rock. It obtains that the roadway floor is the expansive clay stone and the mudstone by examining the physical mechanics properties and the mineral components at the spots, promulgates the mainly reason that why the floor-heaving was caused easily on the roadway floor in the Baijiao Coal Mine, and then determines the Mining Area entry belongs to the high-stressed and swelling soft rock roadway. By the observation and investigation at spots, the paper systematically analyzes the rule of distortion and the characteristic of destruction of three kinds of typical soft rock roadways (working section, floor laneway, up-downhill tunnel).The working section is easily to rib spalling and floor heaving affected by mining and floor soft rock. Influenced by not only mining and soft rock, but horizontal tectonic stress causes the floor laneway and the up-downhill tunnel convergence of two ribs of tunnel and heaving of floor easily. It obtains the characteristics of distortion and destruction of roadway under different conditions of supporting by numerical calculation, and reveals the mechanism of the distortion and `destruction of roadway. The destruction areas of roadway mainly are tensile stress area and shear stress area. The roof can be better controlled, but ribs of roadway and floor can not be effective controlled. The convergences are large between the roof-floor and two ribs of roadway, and floor heave is obvious. The key of supporting is to strengthen the control of ribs and wall corners, and do well in connect measures between ribs and floor. In the situation of researching stress of roadway roof, it brings forward the concept of the arch of self-stabling limit equilibrium, and gives the calculation formula of balanced arch theoretical. At the same time, it also analyzes relations of distortion and destruction between the ribs and the roof, as well as the influence factors and controlling measures of the floor heaving, and puts forward the principle of supporting “govern roof goes against govern the ribs first, govern ribs to govern the floor first, the shoulder feet are the key and control through the whole”. Finally, through the numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, this article proposes separately the schemes of bolt and cable strengthen supporting at the working section and floor laneway and up-downhill tunnel, which have carried on the project practice, and it will provide beneficial references for the similar roadway supports.