随着我国浅部煤炭资源的减少，深部开采已成为我国煤炭事业发展的必由之路，21世纪我国已进入了煤炭资源深井开采时期。核桃峪煤矿是甘肃陇东地区新建的第一对特大型现代化矿井，煤层埋藏深达1000m，且所穿过的地层含水量大；采用冻结法施工需要冻结的深度达950m，地层整体冻结深度达403.02m，为目前国内外最大冻结深度井筒之一，封水冻结难度大，是该矿井安全高效建井必须解决的关键技术难题，研究具有重要的工程实践价值和一定的理论意义。 本文以核桃峪煤矿副立井冻结工程为背景，综合运用工程地质调查、理论分析、冻土物理力学性质试验、数值模拟和现场工业试验等方法，对特厚富水地层千米深井冻结施工关键技术进行了较为系统地研究，结果表明：人工冻土单轴抗压强度与温度基本呈线性关系，弹性模量与温度基本呈负相关关系，泊松比随温度的降低而减小，抗剪强度随冻结温度的降低而明显增大；采用大圈径布置冻结孔、冻结管内下放双供液管局部冻结、布置温控孔消减冻胀变形等技术手段，可以有效地减少或消除冻胀力对井壁的挤压变形，保护已成井壁；及时测斜、定向纠偏的定向钻进和靶域控制技术能够实现钻孔偏斜控制；优化泥浆循环系统，配合不同性能的化学泥浆，可以实现钻孔快速堵漏。 工程实践证明，采用千米深井冻结已成井壁保护技术、冻结深孔偏斜控制技术和钻孔裂隙封堵等关键技术，在特厚富水地层条件下，冻结效果好，经济合理，安全可靠，施工速度快，对我国西部深部冻结建井技术具有重要的参考价值。

With reduction of shallow coal resources in our country, deep mining has become the only way for the development of coal enterprises in our country. In the 21st century, our country has entered a period of deep well mining of coal resources. He-Tao-Yu coal mine is the first pair of oversize new modern mines in Gansu eastern part region, and this coal seam with high moisture content is buried deep in 1000 meters. Freezing method is used to build the well which frozen depth of 950 meters, and a whole frozen depth of layer is 403.02 meters, as one of the biggest shaft freezing depth at home and abroad. The research of this technology to promote the development of deep mine construction technology in China has important practical significance. This paper, on the background of the He-Tao-Yu coal mine vice shaft, has used theoretical analysis, experimental research and numerical simulation method to more systematically study the freeze-construction key technology of one kilometre deep mine’s thick and rich water formation. The results show that: the Artificial frozen soil uniaxial compressive strength has a basic linear relationship with temperature, the elastic modulus and temperature are negatively related, poisson's ratio decreases with the decreasing of temperature, shear strength increased with the decrease of freezing temperature;. Using circle diameter arrangement of freezing hole, freezing tube of double fluid tube for partial freeze, and temperature control hole to effectively reduce or eliminate the frost heaving force extrusion deformation to wall and protect completed wall; Using carefully Drilled, being skewed, timely survey, directional deviation of directional drilling and target domain control technology to realize borehole deviation control; Using optimization of circulating system, to match the performance of the different chemical mud, to realize rapid drilling plugging. Engineering practice has proved that under the condition of thick and rich water formation, using the key technology of completed wall protection technology of 1000m deep well and the deep hole deviation control technology and borehole fissure sealing, the freeze design is advanced, economic reasonable, safe and reliable, and the construction speed is quick. This has important reference value to our deep freeze build well technology.