随着经济的快速发展，资源大规模开采导致的环境损害问题已经引起人们的高度关注，如何在资源开发利用的同时，采取有效的方法保护环境是实现矿区经济可持续发展必须解决的首要问题之一。贵州六枝矿区地质构造、覆岩结构及山区地形条件复杂、特殊，煤层开采引起地表移动与变形也具有它的特殊性。深入分析研究这种特殊条件下开采引起地表移动变形规律及其特征，确定合适的地面建（构）筑物保护方法，进行开采沉陷区灾害的有效防治，是矿区可持续发展中亟待研究解决的重大问题之一。 本文在对矿山开采沉陷理论分析的基础上，以贵州六枝矿区为例，通过现场观测和调查，分析影响矿区开采地表移动变形及开采沉陷的主要因素。以六枝矿区化处煤矿四采区1477工作面为例，通过地表移动观测，应用观测数据，较系统地进行了地表移动盆地主断面上的移动和变形动态分布特征分析，得出了六枝矿区地表沉陷基本特征。通过概率积分法预计参数的优化，应用误差分析方法验证了在六枝矿区应用概率积分法预计采动地表移动变形的适用性，确定了六枝矿区开采沉陷预计模型方法。应用研究结果，确定了山区地表开采沉陷区建筑物保安煤柱的计算方法，根据沉陷区建筑物损坏的特点，给出了六枝矿区采煤沉陷综合治理方案及综合治理保证措施。

With the rapid development of economy, people pay more attention to environmental damage caused by large-scale exploitation resources. In order to achieve sustainable economic development of the mining area, how to get effective measures to protect the environment and use the resource is a primary problem which must deal with.The geological structure, coal seam condition and overlying rock structure of LiuZhi mining area in Guizhou are special and complex, so the surface movement and deformation due to coal mining has its particularity. Analysis of the law and characters of surface movement and deformation deeply, the paper determines the appropriate protection methods of surface bulidings,and give effective disaster prevention caused by mining subsidence.It is a urgent problem which must be solved in order to realize sustainable development in mining area. In this paper, based on theoretical analysis of mining subsidence, and the example of LiuZhi mining area in Guizhou, by means of on-site observations and surveys, it analyzes the main factors which impacts mining subsidence and surface deformation and movement of the main factors. Set 1477 working face of LiuZhi mining area in Guizhou as a example, in according to the observed datas,the paper analyzes the characteristics of surface movement and deformation of dynamic distribution in main section, and get the basic law of the surface mining subsidence.Based on the Expected parameter optimization of probability integral method,the paper uses error analysis method to validate the applicability of expected surface movement an deformation used by probability integral method,and it determines prediction model methods of mining subsidence in LiuZhi mining area .Applied research results, the calculation method of security pillar is determines in mountain region of mining subsidence.Based on the subsidence damage characteristics of buildings, the comprehensive program and management measures of mining subsidence are gived in LiuZhi mining area