党的十七届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》高瞻远瞩，统筹农村改革发展全局，对开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面，具有重大而深远的意义。《决定》强调要加快农业科技创新，为新时期农业科技发展指明了方向，是推进农村改革发展的重要任务。 本文在前人研究的基础上，采用文献研究、问卷调查、实地访谈等方法，将定性分析与定量分析相结合，对全国四个省、自治区的乡政府和农户就农业科技创新成果应用情况进行了实证分析，从农户了解农业科技创新的途径、使用新技术的意愿和使用农业科技创新成果的实际购买力等指标的分析，发现85.5%的农户愿意使用新技术，但愿意花1000元以上购买新技术的农户只占40.2%；对已经使用农业科技成果的农户实用成果收益情况的分析，59%的农户年平均收入增加在10%以内。 通过对农户和政府问卷调查和实际访谈的分析，认为造成我国农业科技创新转化率低的原因很多，如政府和农户农业科技创新资金投入不足、农业科技创新人才匮乏、科研水平低、农民科学文化水平低、农业科技创新意识不足、农业科技推广服务机构力量薄弱、产学研互助机制不完善、市场机制不完善。 较好的解决我国农业科技创新存在的问题，需要从全面出发，建立政府为主导的，多元化的农业科技创新投入机制、完善农业科技创新人员培训机制、切实落实好农业科技人员待遇、提高农民的科技文化素质、灌输农业科技创新的理念、完善农业创新技术推广机制、完善“产学研”机制、加强市场管理,规范市场秩序。

The "CPC Central Committee’s decision on a number of major development issues of rural reform " ,passed through by Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth giving us the overall vision on the development of rural reform, has important and far-reaching significance. The Decision emphasizes the need to accelerate agricultural scientific and technological innovation in the new period and leading in the direction of agricultural technological development.It is an important task to promote rural reform and development. This paper, based on previous studies, makes the use of literature study, questionnaires, field interviews and other methods, combing qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and conducts the empirical analysis on four provinces across the country, autonomous regions, the township government and farmers on agricultural science and technological innovation application situation. It is found that 85.5 percent of the farmers are will to use new technology, but only more than 40.2% willing to spend 1,000 RMB in new technology, by analyzing the ways farmers get the information about agricultural technology and innovative, the will to use the new technology, results of the use of agricultural technology innovation and other indicators of real purchasing power. Analyzing practical results earnings on the use of agricultural scientific and technological achievements by farmers, we find that 59% of household income are increased by less than 10%. By analyzing the result of survey and depth interview of the farmers and the government, we find that the low rate of the convention of Agricultural Science and Technology has many causes, such as insufficient capital investment of the government and farmers of agricultural science and technological innovation, lack of agricultural technological innovation capable people , low level of scientific investment, low level of farmers’ scientific and culture ability, lack of awareness of agricultural scientific and technological innovation, the weak power of agricultural extension services, the complete structure of studying and research mutual aid mechanism and imperfect market mechanism. In order to solve the problems of agricultural science and technology innovation, it is required to establish the Government-led, pluralistic system of agricultural technological innovation, to improve the system of agricultural technology innovation and personnel training, and to effectively make sure the treatment of people who are contribute to agricultural science and technology, to improve farmers’ ability of science and culture, to spread the system of agricultural technological innovation, to promote the agricultural innovation system, to improve the "research" mechanism, to strengthen market management, to standardize market order.