近年来，西部黄土沟壑区深埋煤层综放工作面开采所导致的地表移动变形和地表裂缝等地质灾害，损害了矿区地表建筑物、水体及道路。因此开展黄土沟壑区深埋煤层综放工作面开采地表沉陷发育规律研究具有重要的理论与实际意义。

以西部黄土沟壑区彬长矿区文家坡煤矿4105深埋综放工作面为主要研究对象，进行了地表岩移观测和分析。4105深埋综放工作面开采（采高9m）地表最大下沉系数为0.25、最大下沉量为-1.82m、最大水平位移量为0.77m、最大下沉速度为-7.3mm/d；4105工作面地表下沉和地表水平移动整体偏向4104工作面采空区一侧，地表最大下沉点也偏向4104工作面采空区一侧，且靠近4104工作面采空区一侧地表下沉速率最大；4105工作面的开采使东邻4104工作面（采高7m）采空区发生二次下沉，倾向上二次下沉量较初次下沉量最大增加1.50m，最小增加了0.16m。确定了4105综放工作面开采过程中地表移动参数，采用概率积分法预计了相邻待采工作面开采后地表移动范围。

通过野外地质填图结合无人机遥感，将4105深埋综放工作面地表裂缝划分为平行切眼裂缝和平行顺槽裂缝两种类型。平行切眼裂缝表现为“开裂-减小-稳定”的变化规律，平行顺槽裂缝表现为“开裂-增大-稳定”的变化规律。通过现场示踪标记开挖观测，发现4105综放工作面地表裂缝剖面形态表现为“楔”型和“分叉”型。巨厚黄土层、大深厚比的煤层赋存条件不利于综放工作面地表裂缝的发育，覆岩破断来压步距、来压强度与裂缝发育有较密切的相关性，在地表下沉较大区域沉降量与地表裂缝的发育宽度呈正相关关系。确定了文家坡深埋综放工作面开采地表裂缝发育的临界条件，并对相邻工作面开采后地表裂缝的发育进行了预测。

FLAC^3D数值模拟结果显示，4105工作面开采结束后覆岩塑性破坏区表现为“凹”型，剪切力表现为支撑性较强的“拱”形，地表移动变形区域可分为沉陷边缘区和沉陷中心区。4105工作面的开采使覆岩移动破坏波及面间煤柱区及4104工作面采空区，致使4104工作面采空区覆岩移动破坏高度增大，引起了采空区地表的二次下沉。

In recent years, geological disasters such as surface movement, deformation and surface cracks caused by mining of fully mechanized top coal caving face in deep coal seam in western loess gully region have damaged the surface buildings, water bodies and roads in the mining area. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the development law of surface subsidence in fully mechanized top coal caving face of deep coal seam in loess gully region.

Taking the 4105 deep buried fully mechanized top coal caving face of Wenjiapo Coal Mine in Binchang mining area of western loess gully region as the main research object, the surface rock movement was observed and analyzed. 4105 Deep buried fully mechanized top coal caving face (mining height 9m) the maximum surface subsidence coefficient is 0.25m, the maximum subsidence is-1.82m, the maximum horizontal displacement is 0.77m, and the maximum subsidence speed is-7.3mm/d; the surface subsidence and horizontal movement of 4105 working face are generally inclined to one side of the goaf of 4104 working face, and the maximum subsidence point of the surface is also inclined to one side of the goaf of 4104 working face, and the surface subsidence rate is the highest on the side near the goaf of 4104 working face; the mining of 4105 working face causes the secondary subsidence of the goaf of 4104 working face (mining height 7m) in the east, and the secondary subsidence is 1.50m and 0.16m higher than that of the primary subsidence. The parameters of surface movement in the mining process of 4105 fully mechanized top coal caving face are determined, and the range of surface movement after mining of adjacent working face is predicted by probability integration method.

Through field geological mapping and UAV remote sensing, the surface cracks in 4105 deep buried fully mechanized top coal caving face are divided into two types: parallel cut cracks and parallel trench cracks. The parallel cut crack shows the change law of "crack-decrease-stability", and the parallel groove crack shows the change law of "crack-increase-stability". Through the on-site tracer mark excavation observation, it is found that the surface crack profile of 4105 fully mechanized top coal caving face shows "wedge" type and "bifurcation" type. The occurrence condition of super-thick loess layer and large depth-thickness ratio coal seam is not conducive to the development of surface cracks in fully mechanized top-coal caving face, and the overlying rock fracture step and strength are closely related to the development of fissures. in the larger area of surface subsidence, there is a positive correlation between the subsidence and the development width of surface cracks. The critical conditions for the development of surface cracks in Wenjiapo deep buried fully mechanized top coal caving face are determined, and the development of surface cracks in adjacent faces after mining is predicted.

The results of FLAC^3D numerical simulation show that the plastic failure zone of overlying rock in 4105 working face is "concave", the shear force is "arch" with strong support, and the area of surface movement and deformation can be divided into subsidence edge area and subsidence center area. The mining of 4105 working face causes the overlying rock movement to destroy the coal pillar area between the faces and the goaf of 4104 working face, which increases the failure height of the overlying rock movement in the goaf of 4104 working face, and causes the secondary subsidence of the surface of the goaf.

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