当前，我国农村老龄化现状尤为严峻且老年人健康问题突出，农村老年人仍主要依靠家庭养老，且父辈与子辈较大的受教育程度差异提升了子女教育为老年父母健康做贡献的可能性。目前，我国针对老年人及子女教育对农村老年人健康影响的跟踪研究仍不足，本文利用2001-2018年“安徽省农村老年人生活福利状况”七期跟踪调查数据，采用个体增长模型深入剖析教育对农村老年人健康的影响，主要研究成果如下：

      首先，建立分析框架并对安徽巢湖农村老年人教育、子女教育及老年人健康现状进行了描绘分析。数据显示老年人与子女间存在较大的受教育程度差异，随调查时间推移，老年人日常生活自理能力呈下降趋势，健康自评保持相对稳定，老年人生活满意度得分略微上升，抑郁水平变化平稳。

      其次，发现了教育对农村老年人生理健康的影响：老年人教育和子女教育均显著提升老年人的日常生活自理能力和健康自评。老年人教育仅显著提升中低龄组老年人的健康自评。子女教育仅显著提升中低龄组及高龄组老年人的日常生活自理能力，结果符合资源替代理论。教育对农村老年人生理健康影响的因果路径符合结构放大理论，老年人教育通过影响子女教育，进而影响老年人获得情感支持，最终影响老年人生理健康。

      最后，发现了教育对农村老年人心理健康的影响：老年人教育和子女教育均显著提升老年人的生活满意度和降低老年人的抑郁水平。控制老年人个体及家庭特征后，老年人教育仅显著提升低龄及中低龄组老年人的生活满意度，仅显著缓解低龄组老年人抑郁水平。教育对农村老年人心理健康影响的因果路径符合结构放大理论，老年人教育通过影响子女教育，进而影响老年人获得经济支持和情感支持，最终影响老年人心理健康。

      总之，本文揭示了两代人的教育成就加剧了农村老年人的健康不平等，教育会给人带来持续一生的“健康红利”，教育是我国和谐稳定和长远发展的基石，应充分发挥教育平等促进健康平等，这对我国构建和谐社会也具有一定的现实意义。

     At present, the current situation of rural aging in China is particularly severe, and the health problems of the elderly are prominent. The rural elderly still mainly rely on family pension, and the large difference in education between parents and children increases the possibility of children's education contributing to the health of elderly parents. At present, the tracking research on the impact of education of the elderly and their children on the health of the rural elderly in China is still insufficient. This paper uses the seven phase tracking survey data of "the living and welfare status of the rural elderly in Anhui Province" from 2001 to 2018, and uses the individual growth model to deeply analyze the impact of education on the health of the rural elderly. The main research results are as follows:

     Firstly, the analysis framework is established, and the current situation of rural elderly education, children's education and elderly health in Chaohu, Anhui Province is described and analyzed. The data show that there is a large difference in education level between the elderly and their children. With the passage of the survey time, the elderly's self-care ability shows a downward trend, the health self-assessment remains relatively stable, the elderly's life satisfaction score increases slightly, and the level of depression changes steadily.

     Secondly, the impact of education on the physical health of rural elderly is found: Elderly Education and children's education significantly improve the elderly's ability to take care of themselves in daily life and health self-assessment. Education for the elderly only significantly improved the health self-assessment of the elderly in the middle and low age group. Children's education only significantly improved the self-care ability of daily life of the elderly in the middle and young age group and the elderly group, and the results were in line with the resource substitution theory. The causal path of the impact of education on the physical health of the rural elderly conforms to the structural amplification theory. The education of the elderly affects the children's education, then affects the elderly to obtain emotional support, and finally affects the physical health of the elderly.

      Finally, it is found that education has an impact on the mental health of rural elderly: Elderly Education and children's education significantly improve the life satisfaction of the elderly and reduce the depression of the elderly. After controlling the individual and family characteristics of the elderly, the education of the elderly only significantly improved the life satisfaction of the elderly in the younger and middle-aged groups, and only significantly alleviated the depression of the elderly in the younger group. The causal path of the impact of education on the mental health of the rural elderly conforms to the structural amplification theory. The education of the elderly affects the children's education, then affects the elderly to obtain economic support and emotional support, and finally affects the mental health of the elderly.

       In short, this paper reveals that the educational achievements of the two generations have exacerbated the health inequality of the rural elderly. Education will bring people a lifelong "health dividend". Education is the cornerstone of China's harmonious, stable and long-term development. We should give full play to the equality of education and promote health equality, which also has a certain practical significance for China to build a harmonious society.

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