近年来，陕北矿区浅埋藏矿井煤层开采过程中，由于煤层采动影响严重，易与地表形成连通的裂隙，产生井上下之间的漏风通道，加剧采空区漏风程度，导致采空区内部氧浓度升高，使煤自燃危险性增加。本文以曹家滩矿2^-2煤层的122108综放工作面为研究对象，针对其地表采动裂隙的漏风特点，利用SF₆示踪气体对不同季节的采空区地表漏风进行现场观测，对比分析了井上下温差和压强变化的季节性特征，并通过理论公式计算地表漏风流速的方法，研究不同季节采空区地表漏风规律。结合理论分析和现场实测得出了不同季节各测点的漏风流速最值变化范围，比较了不同季节SF₆释放点距采面不同距离的平均漏风流速分布规律以及不同季节地表裂隙工作面不同位置测点的平均漏风流速分布特点，通过理论公式计算得出了不同季节工作面不同测点位置的等效水力裂隙宽度最值变化范围，综合分析得出冬季季节时工作面不同位置之间的裂隙发育均特别严重，漏风程度可达到最大。

       根据122108综放面的现场生产特点，实践观测了上隅角CO气体的不同来源，通过预埋束管方法监测采空区浮煤氧化产生CO的过程，并分析了采空区浮煤氧化产生的CO气体对上隅角区域影响程度，综合分析得出了工作面上隅角CO的主要来源是采空区浮煤氧化产生。根据现场气体监测数据，以氧浓度法划分煤自燃“三带”范围并通过理论公式测算工作面两端的漏风强度，得出现场实际立体漏风条件下工作面水平漏风变化规律。通过CFD模拟得出单一水平漏风条件下的工作面水平漏风分布规律。通过不同变量条件的煤自燃程序升温实验，分析不同实验条件下煤氧化产生CO的特点及影响。

       针对浅埋藏煤层矿井的工作面采空区地表漏风特点及其现场测定规律，使用FLUENT软件对工作面采空区及其上隅角等处的风流速度场和气体浓度场进行了数值模拟，并根据单一水平漏风条件和立体漏风条件下两种模型的数值模拟结果，对比分析得出立体漏风作用下工作面上隅角CO分布规律。

        In recent years, during the mining process of coal seams in shallow buried mines in northern Shaanxi province, due to the serious influence of coal seam mining, it is easy to form linked fissures with the surface, which generates wind leakage channels between upper and lower wells, intensifying the degree of wind leakage in the mining area, leading to the increase of oxygen concentration inside the mining area and increasing the risk of coal spontaneous combustion. In this paper, we take 122108 header working face of 2^-2 coal seam in Caojiatan mine as the research object, and use SF₆ tracer gas to observe the surface wind leakage in the mining area in different seasons, compare and analyze the seasonal characteristics of temperature difference and pressure change above and below the well, and calculate the surface wind leakage flow rate by theoretical formula to study the surface wind leakage law in the mining area in different seasons The method of calculating the surface wind leakage flow rate by theoretical formula is used to study the surface wind leakage pattern in the mining area in different seasons. Combined with theoretical analysis and field measurement, the range of variation of the maximum value of wind leakage flow velocity of each measurement point in different seasons was obtained, and the distribution rules of the average wind leakage flow velocity of SF₆ release points at different distances from the mining face in different seasons and the distribution characteristics of the average wind leakage flow velocity of measurement points at different locations on the surface fissure working face in different seasons were compared, and the maximum value of the equivalent hydraulic fissure width at different measurement point locations on the working face in different seasons was calculated by theoretical formula. The range of variation is calculated by theoretical formula, and the comprehensive analysis shows that the fissure development between different locations of the working face is particularly serious in winter season, and the degree of wind leakage can reach the maximum.

         According to the production characteristics of 122108 working face, the process of CO generated from the oxidation of floating coal in the mining area was monitored by the pre-buried beam pipe method, and the degree of influence of CO gas generated from the oxidation of floating coal in the mining area on the upper corner area was analyzed, and the comprehensive analysis concluded that the main source of CO in the corner area on the working face was generated from the oxidation of floating coal in the mining area. According to the on-site gas monitoring data, the "three zones" of coal spontaneous combustion are divided by the oxygen concentration method and the air leakage intensity at both ends of the working face is measured by the theoretical formula, and the change law of horizontal air leakage at the working face under the actual three-dimensional air leakage conditions is obtained. By CFD simulation, the distribution of horizontal air leakage at the working face under single horizontal air leakage condition is obtained. The characteristics and effects of CO generation from coal oxidation under different experimental conditions are analyzed through the warming experiments of coal spontaneous combustion procedure under different variable conditions.

       For the characteristics of surface air leakage in the working face mining area of shallow buried coal seam mines and its field measurement law, numerical simulation of wind velocity field and gas concentration field in the working face mining area and its upper corner was carried out using FLUENT software, and the CO distribution law in the corner of the working face under the effect of three-dimensional air leakage was compared and analyzed according to the numerical simulation results of two models under the conditions of single horizontal air leakage and three-dimensional air leakage.

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