在矿业井巷支护工程中，通常是在围岩分级的基础上依据支护规范，选用同一规格锚杆，这种平均使用支护力量，围岩力学特征针对性不强的支护方式，材料消耗量巨大，支护效果欠佳。而在支护困难地段，一般采用普通锚杆与预应力锚索组合的支护结构，由于锚索由柔性钢绞线制成，所以在工程实践中表现出锚固安装和外端固定困难，施工难度大，成本高，特别是其抗弯和抗剪性能差，横向承载力偏低。刚性锚杆特别是全长锚固锚杆可以提供锚索所不具有的强大粘锚力和横向锚固力，其中横向锚固力最为显著，可以有效防治支护围岩的剪切错动破坏，更好地调整围岩应力分布，充分保护并利用围岩本身的强度潜力，降低支护成本，使支护体具有更高的安全保障。 基于以上认识，论文研究成熟支护理论，提出普通锚杆与套接长锚杆组合应用的差异支护思想，给出了弱部强支的差异支护设计方法，并附出几种推荐支护方案以供选用，使差异支护理念走向了生产实践。 论文配合差异支护结构设计，针对差异支护结构中长锚杆机械连接关键技术，应用理论分析和试验研究手段，研制成了260KN适合中小钻孔（Φ32mm）的小直径长锚杆，即杆体材料选用Φ20 40Cr热轧合金结构钢，连接螺套用45#优质碳素结构钢内套丝扣制成。 在套接长锚杆差异支护结构工业试验中，针对枣泉煤矿二煤回风巷支护工程，选取典型地段，施工差异支护结构并随之布置横断面收敛观测站进行巷道顶底板及两帮移近量连续监测。观测数据显示套接长锚杆差异支护结构可以有效维持巷道稳定，达到设计技术要求。

In mining engineering of well and lane , usually depending on the rock ratings and norm, to use the same type anchor. This kind of doing which don't strongly aim at the rock mechanics characteristic. The quantity of material consumed is huge, the effect is not quite well. In difficult areas, anchor combines with anchor cable to support stones. The cable material is always expensive and difficult to install, because flexible anchor cable can’t provide strong glue anchor-hold force, especially shear stress toward rocks. A solid anchor pole have this effect contrast to cables .It can prevent and protect rock around effectively from shearing breakage , to make use of the strength potential of the rock also , lower the support cost , make the structure object have solid safeguard . Depending on the above understanding, The thesis sum up some mature supporting anchor mechanism, put forward the applied difference protecting thought Combined with a example, which is through a weak department a strong structure, method and technique important point, and provide a few recommendations to support a project, make the difference supporting project practice possible. Through the theories analysis and experiments research means, thesis completes the 260 KN sleeve set conjunction to be used in a long anchor. The anchor pole body material chooses to use diameter twenty and zero point four percent alloy metal structure steel, the sleeve set to be produce by 45# high-quality carbon fabric structure steel. In the industry experiment, Aiming at zai quan coal mine engineering, selecting the typical model district, adopting difference structure, and setting up the constringency observation station, to watch laneway displacement transmutation. The data shows that the discrepancy structure of ordinarily bolt and long ones with sleeve is working properly