传统充填开采工艺设计中将胶结充填体视为均质、各向同性的整体，基于实验室标准小尺寸试件力学参数，作为理论计算和数值模拟的基础数据，忽略由分层充填以及物料流动沉降形成的胶结充填体结构各向异性，随着固废充填开采快速发展，这些问题日益突出。从物料流动沉降角度出发揭示充填体“分层-分区”规律，以宏-细-微观手段多尺度阐述分层充填体各向异性特征及分层面强度弱化机理，通过数字图像（Digital Image Correlation，DIC）和声发射（Acoustic Emission，AE）揭示尺寸对分层充填体强度、变形及破裂机制的影响规律，并得到考虑尺寸效应的分层胶结充填体等效力学参数，最后结合充填体沉降坡面构建几何模型，通过FLAC^3D二次开发横观各向同性弹塑性本构模型来表征其各向异性，建立了充填体力学参数从实验室研究到工程应用的桥梁，对于煤矿精准确定材料配比及接顶方法具有指导作用。论文采用理论分析、实验室试验、相似模拟实验、数值模拟与工程实践等方法，进行了分层充填体各向异性影响下的尺寸效应及其应用研究，主要开展了以下工作：

通过自制分层可拆卸法兰模具进行煤矸石充填料浆的非均质特性试验研究，得到不同料浆浓度和充填高度影响下的物料加权平均粒径、胶凝材料含量定量分布规律，找到影响料浆沉降程度的“浓度拐点”，建立充填高度与粒径的正态分布函数。进一步利用相似模拟试验，获取不同充填次数下料浆的流动沉降坡面布函数，以及麻黄梁煤矿的分层坡度预测。

针对含煤矸石粗骨料充填料浆存在的流动沉积现象，在考虑煤矸石不规则形状的前提下，基于响应面试验获取影响煤矸石安息角因素的显著性排序，基于CFD-EDM耦合平台得到浆体在相似采场内，粗细骨料沿水平、垂直方向的分布规律和运动轨迹，揭示了粗颗粒在采场内的流动机理，以及充填速度对颗粒时空分布状态、料浆流动沉降坡面形态的影响规律。

构建分层胶结充填体的横观各向同性力学模型，并分析其在单轴受压状态下的破坏机制。建立分层面角度与P波波速满足椭圆方程，研究基于强度和P波波速的各性异性系数与分层面的关系，以及利用波速预测胶结充填体强度的方法。分析弹性能占比在起裂强度、峰值强度处随分层面参数的变化规律，通过能量耗散系数、储能极限、声发射特征参数揭示分层面弱化效应变化规律。

利用PFC^2D对标准尺寸的分层胶结充填体试件受载破裂过程进行模拟，定量分析试件受载过程中的脆性指数、剪切与拉伸裂纹发育规律，组构各向异性与分层面参数的关系，通过点位移变化规律分析其破坏机理，并结合扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM）微观测试结果，从“宏-细-微观”多尺度揭示分层胶结充填体的各向异性特征。

制作不同分层面参数组合的5种尺寸充填体，构建分层面参数、尺寸与强度的多元线性关系式，分析尺寸效应度与破坏模式的变化规律。通过DIC、AE参数分析了尺寸对分层胶结充填体变形及破坏机制的影响规律。并通过室内试验和PFC^2D数值模拟得到分层胶结充填体的REV尺度和等效力学参数。

将分层胶结充填体“分层-分区”力学结构特点用横观各向同性弹塑性本构模型表征，并通过二次开发嵌入FLAC^3D数值模拟软件。此外，考虑流动沉降形成的分层充填坡面，按照分层面角度，划分麻黄梁煤矿充填条带为3个区域，分别赋予分层等效力学参数，基于 “压力拱” 理论分析了连采连充过程中的载荷传递过程。最后，通过对比前人研究成果与现场实测，验证了该方法的准确性。

论文以煤矸石充填料浆的流动沉降为切入点，以胶结充填体“分层-分区”的结构特点为出发点，以获取分层胶结充填体流动沉降坡面和等效力学参数为关键点，以得到胶结充填体的基础力学参数为目标，对分层胶结充填体各向异性影响下的尺寸效应及应用进行了研究，研究成果丰富了以煤矸石为骨料的充填开采强度设计体系，对于含粗骨料充填开采矿井的安全、高效生产具有重要的指导意义。

In the design of traditional backfill mining process, the cemented backfill is regarded as a homogeneous and isotropic whole. Based on the mechanical parameters of laboratory standard small-sized specimens, as the basic data for theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, the structural anisotropy of the cemented backfill formed by stratified backfill and material flow and settlement is ignored. With the rapid development of solid waste backfill mining, these problems become increasingly prominent. From the perspective of material flow settlement, the trends in stratification and zoning of backfill were revealed, and the anisotropic characteristics of backfill and the strength-reducing mechanism of stratification were expounded across multiple scales by means of macro-fine-micro means. Digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques were used to estimate the size effect on the strength, deformation and fracture mechanism of the stratified backfill, and the equivalent mechanical parameters of the stratified cemented backfill considering the size effect were obtained. Finally, a geometric model was constructed based on the settlement slope of the backfill body, and a transversally isotropic elastoplastic constitutive model was developed in FLAC^3D software to characterize its anisotropy. A connection linking backfill physical parameters from laboratory research to engineering application was established, which plays a guiding role for the accurate determination of material ratio and roof joint methods in coal mines. Theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, similar simulation experiments, numerical simulation, and engineering practice were used to study the size effect and its application under the influence of the anisotropy of the backfill. The present work comprises the following: in the design of traditional backfill mining process, the cemented backfill is regarded as a homogeneous and isotropic whole. Based on the mechanical parameters of laboratory standard small-sized specimens, as the basic data for theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, the structural anisotropy of the cemented backfill formed by stratified backfill as well as material flow and settlement is neglected. With the rapid development of solid waste backfill mining, these problems become increasingly notable. From the perspective of material flow settlement, trends in the stratification and zoning of the backfill were revealed, and the anisotropic characteristics of the backfill and the strength-reducing mechanism of stratification were elucidated across multiple scales by macro-fine-micro means. DIC and AE were used to investigate the size effect on the strength, deformation and fracture mechanism of the stratified backfill, and the equivalent mechanical parameters of the stratified cemented backfill considering the size effect were determined. Finally, a geometric model was constructed based on the settlement slope of the backfill body, and a transversally sotropic elastoplastic constitutive model was developed in Flac^3D to characterize its anisotropy. A link connecting the backfill physical parameters from laboratory research to engineering application was established, which plays a guiding role for the accurate determination of material ratio and roof joint methods in coal mines. Theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, similar simulation experiments, numerical simulation, and engineering practice were used to study the size effect and its application under the influence of the anisotropy of the backfill. The work proceedes as follows:

(1) A self-made flange mold was used to conduct an experimental study on the heterogeneous characteristics of the coal gangue filling slurry. The weighted average particle size of the material and the quantitative distribution of the cementing material content under the influences of different slurry concentrations and filling heights were obtained. The “concentration inflection point” affecting the degree of sedimentation of the slurry was determined, and the normal distribution function of filling height and particle size was established. The slope distribution function of slurry flow settlement and stratified slope prediction of Mahuangliang coal mine were achieved by similar simulation tests;

(2) In view of the flow deposition phenomenon of coarse aggregate filling slurry containing coal gangue, the significance sequence of factors affecting the angle of repose of coal gangue was obtained based on response-surface tests, and the horizontal and vertical distribution and movement trajectory of coarse and fine aggregates in similar stopes were attained based on the  computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method  (CFD-EDM) coupling platform. The flow mechanisms of coarse particles in stope and the influence of the filling speed on the spatial and temporal distribution of particles and the slope morphology of slurry flow settlement were revealed;

(3) A transversally isotropic mechanical model of the backfill was established and the failure mechanism under uniaxial compression was analyzed. The results found that the angle of stratification and P-wave velocity satisfy an elliptic equation. The relationship between the anisotropy coefficient and stratified surface based on intensity and P-wave velocity was studied to predict the strength of backfill by using wave velocity. The variation of the elastic energy ratio with sub-layer parameters at the initiation strength and peak strength was evaluated, and the variation of the sub-layer weakening effect was revealed by the energy dissipation coefficient, energy storage limit and AE characteristic parameters;

(4) PFC^2D was used to simulate the load rupture process of standard-sized stratified backfill specimens, quantifying the brittleness index, and the trends in the development of shear and tensile cracking. In addition, the relationship between fabric anisotropy and stratified parameters of specimens during the load process was also evaluated, and the failure mechanism was expounded through changes in point displacement. Combined with the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the anisotropic characteristics of the stratified backfill was revealed from macro-fine-micro perspectives;

(5) Backfill bodies of five different sizes with different combinations of sub-layer parameters were formed and multivariate linear relationships were established between sub-layer parameters, size and strength. On this basis, the variations of size and failure modes were analyzed. DIC and AE parameters were used to assess the influence of size on the deformation and failure mechanism of the backfill. The REV scale and equivalent mechanical parameters of the backfill were obtained by laboratory tests and PFC^2D numerical simulation;

(6) The stratified and zonal mechanical structures of the backfill were characterized by the transversally isotropic elastoplastic constitutive model, and FLAC^3D numerical simulation software was embedded through secondary development. In addition, the filling strip of Mahuangliang Coal mine can be divided into three regions according to the stratification angle, and the equivalent mechanical parameters were assigned respectively. Based on the theory of the “pressure arch”, the load transfer process during continuous mining and charging was analyzed. Finally, the accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the previous research results with the field measurement.

With the flow settlement of coal gangue filling slurry as the entry point, and taking the stratified and zonal structural characteristics of cemented backfill as the starting point, the size effect and application of the stratified cemented backfill under the influence of anisotropy were studied by taking the flow settlement slope and equivalent mechanical parameters of the cemented backfill as the key points, and the acquisition of basic mechanical parameters of the cemented backfill as the goal. The research results inform the design of backfill mining using coal gangue as aggregate, and provide guiding significance for the safe and efficient production of backfill mining with coarse aggregate.

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