超超临界机组关键部件（锅炉过热器、再热器等）在高温水蒸气环境中的长期运行对结构材料性能提出了更高要求。传统合金难以完全适应这种工况需求，一定程度上限制了电力工业的技术发展。高熵合金基于其特有的“四大效应”，展现出优于传统合金的综合性能及潜在高温应用价值。本研究以Al_xTi_yCoCrFeNi系高熵合金为对象，系统分析其在800 ℃高温纯水蒸气环境中的抗氧化特性，评估其作为发电机组高温部件材料的适用性，同时探究其在1250 ℃超高温水蒸气条件下的氧化行为，为极端环境应用提供理论参考。

本研究首先探讨了Al_xTi_yCoCrFeNi系高熵合金在1250 ℃高温水蒸气环境中的氧化行为。结果表明，几种合金都同时发生了外氧化和内氧化。Al_xCoCrFeNi高熵合金外氧化膜呈现典型的双层结构，由外层的(Fe,Co,Ni)Cr₂O₄尖晶石型氧化物和内层的Cr₂O₃组成。在氧化过程中，Al元素主要以内氧化的形式存在，生成不连续的Al₂O₃内氧化层。Cr₂O₃膜层具有良好的致密性和热力学稳定性，能够有效抑制氧气与金属离子的扩散。此外，Al_0.3Ti_0.3CoCrFeNi高熵合金在氧化过程中形成多层氧化膜结构，表层为(Ni,Co)Fe₂O₄尖晶石氧化物，内层为TiO₂与Cr₂O₃的混合氧化层，展现出一定程度的高温抗氧化能力。

进一步研究了Al_xTi_yCoCrFeNi系高熵合金在800 ℃高温水蒸气环境中的氧化行为。结果表明，Al_xCoCrFeNi高熵合金形成了单一的外氧化膜Cr₂O₃，该膜结构致密、完整，具备优异的抗氧化性能。随着Al含量的增加，合金的氧化速率常数呈上升趋势。这说明虽然Al元素在氧化过程中以内氧化形式生成Al₂O₃，但这一过程对提升合金整体抗氧化性能的贡献有限。Al_0.3Ti_0.3CoCrFeNi高熵合金形成了表层为TiO₂和(Ni,Co)Fe₂O₄混合氧化层，内层为Cr₂O₃的双层氧化膜结构。Ti的引入虽然有助于TiO₂的形成，但在该高熵合金体系中，反而导致材料的整体抗氧化性能下降。

本研究还分析了表面细晶化处理对Al_xCoCrFeNi系高熵合金氧化行为的影响。高熵合金氧化膜结构因处理方式不同表现出差异性。表面细晶化处理能够形成单一、致密且连续的Cr₂O₃保护膜，显著提升了合金的抗氧化性能。相比之下，抛光处理的合金表面生成的外氧化膜则是由不连续的(Co,Ni)Fe₂O₄尖晶石和内层为Cr₂O₃的双层结构氧化膜组成，保护能力较弱，氧化增重较大，且易发生剥落。Al元素在氧化过程中依然以内氧化形式存在。表面细晶化处理的合金中，氧化速率随Al含量增加而上升，而表面抛光处理合金的氧化速率则呈现出相反的趋势。晶粒细化可在氧化初期促进Cr₂O₃的形核与成膜，并通过增强Cr元素的扩散，维持Cr₂O₃膜的长期保护性能。

The long-term operation of key components of ultra-supercritical unit (boiler superheater, reheater, etc.) in high temperature water steam environment puts forward higher requirements for structural material properties. Traditional alloys are difficult to fully adapt to the requirements of this working condition, which limits the technological development of the power industry to a certain extent. Based on its unique “four effects”, high entropy alloys show better comprehensive properties and potential high temperature application value than traditional alloys. This study takes Al_xTi_yCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy as the object, systematically analyzes its oxidation resistance in 800 ℃ high temperature pure water vapor environment, evaluates its applicability as a high temperature component material of generator set, and explores its oxidation behavior in 1250 ℃ ultra-high temperature water vapor conditions, providing theoretical reference for applications in extreme environments.

In this study, the oxidation behaviour of the Al_xTi_yCoCrFeNi system of high-entropy alloys in a high-temperature water vapour environment at 1250 °C was first investigated. The results show that both external and internal oxidation occurred in several alloys. The external oxide film of Al_xCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys shows a typical double-layer structure, which consists of (Fe,Co,Ni)Cr₂O₄ spinel-type oxide in the outer layer and Cr₂O₃ in the inner layer. During the oxidation process, the Al element mainly exists in the form of internal oxidation, generating a discontinuous internal oxide layer of Al₂O₃. The Cr₂O₃ film layer has good densification and thermodynamic stability, which can effectively inhibit the diffusion of oxygen and metal ions. In addition, the Al_0.3Ti_0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy forms a multilayer oxide film structure during the oxidation process, with the surface layer of (Ni,Co)Fe₂O₄ spinel oxide and the inner layer of mixed TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ oxide layer, which demonstrates a certain degree of high-temperature antioxidant capability.

The oxidation behaviour of the Al_xTi_yCoCrFeNi system high-entropy alloys in a high-temperature water vapour environment at 800 °C was further investigated. The results show that the Al_xCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys form a single outer oxide film Cr₂O₃, which has a dense and intact structure with excellent antioxidant properties. The oxidation rate constants of the alloys showed an increasing trend with the increase of Al content. This indicates that although the Al element generates Al₂O₃ in the form of internal oxidation during the oxidation process, this process has a limited contribution to the enhancement of the overall antioxidant properties of the alloy. The Al_0.3Ti_0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy forms a double-layer oxide film structure with TiO₂ and (Ni,Co)Fe₂O₄ mixed oxide layers on the surface, and Cr₂O₃ in the inner layer. Although the introduction of Ti contributes to the formation of TiO₂, it has no effect on the formation of Cr₂O₃ in the inner layer of the alloy. TiO₂ formation, but in this high-entropy alloy system, it rather leads to a decrease in the overall antioxidant performance of the material.

In this study, the effect of surface fine crystallisation treatment on the oxidation behaviour of Al_xCoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys was also analysed. The oxide film structure of the high-entropy alloys showed differences depending on the treatments: the surface fine-crystallisation treatment was able to form a single, dense and continuous protective film of Cr₂O₃, which significantly enhanced the oxidation resistance of the alloys. In contrast, the outer oxide film of the polished alloy consists of a discontinuous (Co,Ni)Fe₂O₄ spinel and an inner layer of Cr₂O₃ in a two-layer structure, which has a weaker protective capacity, has a higher oxidation weight gain and is prone to flaking, and the Al element is still present in the form of internal oxidation during the oxidation process. The oxidation rate increases with the increase of Al content in surface fine grain treated alloys, while the oxidation rate of surface polished treated alloys shows the opposite trend. Grain refinement promotes the nucleation and film formation of Cr₂O₃ in the early stages of oxidation and maintains the long-term protective properties of the Cr₂O₃ film by enhancing the diffusion of the Cr element.

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