目前煤火灾害防治问题是矿山安全领域的重要课题， 由煤自燃引起的火灾事故占矿
井火灾的 90%以上，对井下人员的生命安全造成严重威胁。 热棒移热技术作为能够提取
煤堆内部热量的关键技术，近年来受到了广泛的关注。热棒移热的影响因素主要包括热
棒类型、流动工质类型及工质导热系数， 目前市面上常见的 CuO 纳米颗粒价格昂贵且组
分单一， CuO-H2O 纳米流体作为热棒的主要内部工质移热效能有限。因此本文从理论分
析结合实验研究的角度出发，制备了新型稳定性优良且具有高导热性的双金属氧化物纳
米流体，并对该纳米流体各项热物性能（导热系数、粘度、表面张力、接触角）进行测
试，探究了纳米流体热棒移热防治煤自燃效能，为煤火的防治及高效绿色开采奠定理论
基础。
本文采用前驱体-焙烧法制备不同种类的双金属氧化物纳米颗粒，结合超声分散、化
学分散耦合技术制备了 0.1%、 0.5%、 0.8%、 1.0%和 1.5%的不同基液（水、乙二醇）、 不
同质量分数的双金属氧化物纳米流体。 通过不同观察检测手段定性定量分析纳米流体的
悬浮稳定性；采用导热系数测试仪、粘度计、表面张力仪等测试仪器对双金属氧化物纳
米流体的导热系数、粘度、表面张力等进行测试， 通过 Merit 数筛选出满足要求的双金
属氧化物纳米流体（ZnAl-H2O(1.5wt.% 1%SDBS)、 MgAl-EG(1.5wt.% 无分散剂)）；自主
搭建煤自燃移热实验平台，将前期测试优选出的纳米流体作为流动工质加入热棒中，分
析探究不同充液率、不同插入倾角对热棒移热效能的影响， 确定热棒移热的最佳工况，
探究不同纳米流体工质热棒移热效果。
结果表明：（1） 制备的双金属氧化物纳米流体具有良好的悬浮稳定性，在静置 5 天
后，无明显分层和沉淀，紫外分光的吸光度维持在 6.0 左右； （2） 在基液中加入双金属
氧化物能够提升基液的导热系数及粘度，同时降低基液的表面张力和接触角； （3） 基液
（水、 乙二醇） 的导热系数最大分别增加了 29%和 132.9%， 随着温度的升高（20℃～
100℃）， 纳米流体（水基、 乙二醇基） 的粘度分别降低了 66%和 121.03%， 当温度自 20℃
上升到 100℃， 水基纳米流体的表面张力最大下降了 22.96%， 乙二醇基纳米流体的表面
张力最大下降了 16.61%，接触角随质量分数的增大而减小，随分散剂的添加而减小；（4）
温度、 纳米流体的质量分数以及分散剂的添加都会对纳米流体的热物性能造成不同程度
的影响，例如，随着纳米颗粒质量分数的增大，导热系数值、粘度值以及表面张力值都
增大，接触角减小； （5） 双金属氧化物纳米流体在热棒中的移热性能优于基液，且优于
市面常见的 CuO-H2O 纳米流体。在最佳工况（30%充液率和 60°倾角） 下， ZnAl-H2O 纳
米流体的移热效能高于 CuO-H2O 纳米流体， ZnAl-H2O 纳米流体煤堆中下部测点 A1、 B1
比水、CuO-H2O 纳米流体各测点的最大降温值分别提高了 4.39%、4.56%和 1.36%、0.36%，
表明 ZnAl-H2O 纳米流体对煤堆中下部的移热效果最好。

At present, the prevention and control of coal fire disaster is an important topic in the field
of mine safety. Fire accidents caused by coal spontaneous combustion account for more than
90% of mine fires, which poses a serious threat to the life safety of underground personnel. As
a key technology to extract heat from coal piles, hot rod heat transfer technology has received
extensive attention in recent years. The influencing factors of heat transfer of hot rod mainly
include the type of hot rod, the type of flowing working medium and the thermal conductivity
of working medium. At present, the common CuO nanoparticles on the market are expensive
and have a single component, and the heat transfer efficiency of CuO-H2O nanofluid as the main
internal working medium of hot rod is limited. Therefore, from the perspective of theoretical
analysis and experimental research, this paper prepared a new type of bimetallic oxide nanofluid
with excellent stability and high thermal conductivity, and tested various thermal properties
(thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, contact angle) of the nanofluid, explored the
effectiveness of nanofluid hot rod heat transfer to prevent coal spontaneous combustion, and
laid a theoretical foundation for coal fire prevention and efficient green mining.
In this paper, different kinds of bimetallic oxide nanoparticles were prepared by precursorroasting method, and 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% bimetallic oxide nanofluids with
different base liquids (water and ethylene glycol) and different mass fractions were prepared by
combining ultrasonic dispersion and chemical dispersion coupling technology. The suspension
stability of nanofluids was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by different observation
and detection methods. The thermal conductivity, viscosity and surface tension of bimetallic
oxide nanofluids were tested by thermal conductivity tester, viscometer and surface tensiometer,
and the bimetallic oxide nanofluids (ZnAl-H2O(1.5wt.% 1%SDBS) and MgAl-EG(1.5wt.%
without dispersant)) that met the requirements were screened out by Merit number. The
experimental platform of coal spontaneous combustion and heat transfer was built
independently, and the nanofluid selected in the previous test was added into the hot rod as a
flowing working medium. The effects of different liquid filling rates and different insertion
angles on the heat transfer efficiency of the hot rod were analyzed and explored, and the best
working conditions of the hot rod were determined, and the heat transfer effects of different
nanofluid working mediums were explored.
The results show that: (1) The prepared bimetallic oxide nanofluid has good suspension
stability. After standing for 5 days, there is no obvious delamination and precipitation, and the
absorbance of ultraviolet spectroscopy is maintained at about 6.0; (2) Adding bimetallic oxide
into the base liquid can improve the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the base liquid, while
reducing the surface tension and contact angle of the base liquid; (3) The thermal conductivity
of base fluids (water and ethylene glycol) increased by 29% and 132.9% respectively. With the
increase of temperature (20℃ ~ 100℃), the viscosity of nanofluids (water-based and ethylene
glycol-based) decreased by 66% and 121.03% respectively. When the temperature rose from
20℃ to 100℃, the water-based nanofluids. (4) Temperature, the mass fraction of nanofluid and
the addition of dispersant all have different effects on the thermal properties of nanofluid. For
example, with the increase of the mass fraction of nanoparticles, the thermal conductivity,
viscosity and surface tension all increase, while the contact angle decreases. (5) The heat transfer
performance of the bimetallic oxide nanofluid in the hot rod is better than that of the base liquid
and the common CuO-H2O nanofluid in the market. Under the best working conditions (30%
liquid filling rate and 60 inclination), the heat transfer efficiency of ZnAl-H2O nanofluid is
higher than that of CuO-H2O nanofluid, and the maximum cooling values of the middle and
lower measuring points A1 and B1 of ZnAl-H2O nanofluid coal pile are 4.39%,4.56% and
1.36%,0.36% higher than those of water and CuO-H2O nanofluid respectively.
 

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