根据陕北郭家湾和鑫源煤矿的开采实践，本文利用现场调研、理论计算、相似模拟和数值模拟等方式，针对应用长壁布置隔离区内留临时煤柱支撑的开采法（简称长壁留煤柱支撑法开采）对煤柱的要求和顶板的管理方式—煤柱适时破坏和小区域无灾害垮落，以煤柱的优化设计为核心研究内容，对煤柱强度与变形规律、屈服区宽度推导及影响因素、“顶板－煤柱”结构、煤柱设计程式、煤柱破坏过程的可监测性等内容进行了全面的研究，取得了一些有创建性的成果。 长壁留煤柱支撑法技术的实质是实现小区域隔离，在隔离区采完后区内煤柱能够及时破坏，而顶板能以隔离煤柱为界限适时垮落。其关键技术是区分两类不同性质的煤柱，即区内煤柱和区域间的隔离煤柱，并设计和优化这两种煤柱的合理尺寸，以达到适时无灾害垮落的目的。 煤柱强度作为煤柱设计的重要参数之一，与煤岩的流变性、极限强度、采场动态因素、煤柱与顶、底板的界面摩擦和粘结力、煤柱的自由表面和煤柱内部构造等因素相关。在分析这些影响因素外，本文还重点阐述了煤柱均质度、尺寸－形态效应和围压对煤柱强度的影响。 煤柱屈服区宽度的确定是煤柱设计的关键。本文基于极限平衡理论，进行了极限平衡区内塑性区宽度力学模型的建立及其理论公式的求解，同时对影响煤柱屈服区宽度的相关因素进行了分析。 为了揭示隔离区内不同性质、不同位置处煤柱受力状况，本文对“顶板－煤柱”建立了“连续梁”力学模型和数值模型，进行了煤柱的受力计算和数值分析，并对“顶板－煤柱”的相互作用关系作了归纳。 基于上述的研究，提出了煤柱优化设计程式的八个步骤。为了防止顶板事故，对煤柱破坏过程的可监测性进行了研究，提出了关键区和关键点相结合的监测方法。这对于陕北浅埋煤层下中小矿山合理、安全、经济的开发煤炭资源提供了重要的参考依据。

According to exploitation practice in GuoJiawan and LiuDun colliery of the north of Shaanxi Province，the paper utilized field investigation and research, theory calculation, similar and numerical simulation, etc, aiming at the mining that using the longwall collocation and remaining temporary support coal pillar in the isolated area （abbreviate as longwall remaining coal pillar support mining ） to coal pillar request and roof management mode –coal pillar destroy timely and there is no calamity collapse in small area. It regards optimization design of the coal pillar as the key research contents, researching that coal pillar strength and distortion, failure area width calculation and influence factor, " roof- coal pillar " structure , procedure of coal pillar design, monitoring of coal pillar destroy course, have obtained some establishing research results . The technical essence of longwall remaining coal pillar support mining is to achieve small area isolated, regional coal pillar can destroy in time until isolated area is exploited, and roof that regards isolated coal pillar as demarcation line can collapse in good time. Its key technology is to distinguish two kinds of coal pillar of different property between regional coal pillar and isolated coal pillar, design and optimize reasonable size of two kinds of coal pillar, so it appears the course of no calamity collapse in good time. Coal pillar strength, as one of an the important parameters of design of coal pillar, is connected with rheological property coal pillar, limit strength, dynamic factor of stope, interface friction force and adhesive strength between coal pillar and roof, freedom surface of coal pillar, internal structure of coal pillar. Besides analysing these influence factors, this paper explains that homogeneity of coal pillar, size-form effect and enclose force exert influence on coal pillar strenth especially. When coal pillar is designed, it is key to fix on the width of failure area of coal pillar. This paper bases on limit balanced theory, carrying on foundation of mechanics model of plasticity area width in limit balanced area and to solve theory formula, Meanwhile analysing relevant factors that have influence on failure area width of coal pillar. In order to reveal the stress state of different character and position coal pillar in isolated area. According to the structure “roof- coal pillar”, this paper sets up the mechanics model of “continuous beam” and numerical model, carriying on stress calculation of coal pillar and numerical simulation. Meanwhile the interaction relation of “ roof- coal pillar” is summed up. Based on above research, this paper puts forward eight steps of coal pillar optimization design procedure. In order to prevent roof calamity, Destruct monitoring character of coal pillar is resarched, bringing forward the monitoring method that combine key district with key point. It offers important reference to the reasonable, safe, economic mine in the middle or little colliery of shallow seam of north of Shanxi Province.