煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合致灾是岩石力学与采矿科学领域亟需解决的难题。急倾斜煤层地质条件复杂，煤层倾角和厚度较大(倾角最大87°，厚度最大50m)，历史构造运动作用下急倾斜煤岩体内部富集了高原岩应力，重复采动应力影响下原岩应力逐渐被释放，极易诱发动力灾害(顶板灾害、气体灾害及突水等)，此类灾害共性科学问题为煤岩应力场、裂隙场及渗流场耦合作用关系。论文采用理论分析、力学实验、物理相似模拟与工程实践等方法，开展采动煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合机理研究，取得如下成果： (1)依托西部矿区急倾斜煤层开采典型工程为研究背景，开展采动煤岩裂隙参数精准识别及分形特征研究，分析采动煤岩裂隙迹长、数目与分形维数相关性，得出裂隙数目与分形维数呈正相关，裂隙迹线平均长度与分形维数呈负相关，即裂隙数目越多、分形维数越大，裂隙迹线平均长度越长、分形维数越小；提取和对比分析煤岩裂隙切片像素点CT值，得出煤样与岩样对X射线衰减程度具有明显差别。 (2)开展了采动煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合关系实验研究。通过水性造影液注射实现了采动煤岩裂隙渗流可视化，引入分形渗透剂量率定量化表征煤岩裂隙渗流能力，采用配套于X-光机(DR/CR)扫描的循环加载岩石力学测试装置、DR(Digital Radiography)平板X射线影像、声发射测试及热红外拍摄等方法，获得了多级循环加载条件下煤岩声发射参数、煤岩表面温度数据、裂隙动态演化及裂隙渗流影像，揭示了采动煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合机理。实验结果表明，急倾斜煤岩疲劳损伤累积强度分别为14.03MPa和15.83MPa、Felicity比值的平均值分别为1.12和1.41；多级循环加载条件下煤岩裂隙经历了扩展、闭合汇聚及骨架承载结构破坏过程，此过程中裂隙渗流行为具有典型的非线性演化规律，煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流行为表现出显著的强耦合特征。 (3)研究揭示了急倾斜采动煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合致灾机理。通过构建急倾斜煤层综放开采煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合致灾物理相似模拟实验，研究急倾斜煤层综放开采地表岩层与地下煤层开采共同变形特征、裂隙渗流行为与地下水流动系统响应机制，得出地表岩层与地下煤层开采共同变形实质是顶板剪切滑移裂隙的层状扩展和延伸，裂隙场的演化主要出现在顶板位置和夹持岩柱位置，夹持岩柱稳定性对宏观采场围岩结构演化起到了关键控制作用；急倾斜煤层综放开采地下水流动系统响应机制为地表降水通过离层空间蓄水和积水，进一步通过与采空区贯通的导水通道渗流进入采空区，43#煤层采空区积水通过夹持岩柱拉裂形成的裂隙通道进入45#煤层采空区，然后以渗流的方式进入底板侧，在空间上具有典型的纵向补给和侧向供给的特点。 (4)揭示了急倾斜煤层综放开采煤岩动力灾害诱发机理。依据急倾斜煤岩应力场、裂隙场及渗流场探查结果，确定了急倾斜煤层原岩应力场类型总体为σH>σV>σh，得出急倾斜87°煤岩层裂隙化程度相对45°煤岩层较为发育，煤岩剪切破坏特征显著；界定了急倾斜煤层深部开采的临界深度为365m~410m，建立了地表大尺度裂隙与工作面相对空间层位关系模型，揭示了急倾斜煤层开采地表V型塌陷坑是由地表局部O型塌陷随采深增加逐渐沿走向和倾向的扩展演化过程；根据采空区瞬变电磁探查结果，总结得出富水区主要集中在巷道底板侧，地表大尺度裂隙主要出现在巷道顶板侧，成为地表大气降水/雪水渗流进入采空区的主要导水通道。 (5)工程应用表明：马尔可夫模型及概率转移矩阵可科学描述煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合致灾过程，急倾斜煤层综放开采动力灾害防治重点为夹持岩柱和顶板的稳定性控制，现场实测数据证实了岩柱地表深孔爆破卸压后，降低了煤岩应力-裂隙-渗流耦合致灾的风险，验证了动力灾害防治措施的合理性和有效性。 本研究为急倾斜煤层综放开采动力灾害防治提供了科学基础，对复杂煤岩条件下实现安全开采具有重要指导意义。

It is problem to be solved urgently that revealing coupling mechanism of stress-fracture-seepage in excavation coal-rock for researching on rock mechanics and mining science. There exists complex geological conditions of steeply inclined coal seams including large dipping angle and thickness of the seams including large dipping angle which reaches 87 degree, and high thickness with 50m maximum of the seams. High in-situ stress is enriched in coal-rock of steeply inclined under the effect of historical tectonic movement, which would be released during repeated mining and may easily induce coal-rock dynamic disaster such as roof falling, gas emission and water inrush etc. The common scientific problem is coupling relations of stress, fracture and seepage fields in coal-rock. Hence, a study aiming at revealing coupling mechanism of stress-fracture-seepage in coal-rock was carried out in this work, by means of theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment, physical simulation model building, and engineering practice etc. (1) Based on the background related to the research of steeply inclined coal seams mining, a study on precise identification of fracture parameters and fractal features has been carried out. Correlations of fracture length, numbers and fractal dimensions have been analyzed. The results show that relation of fracture numbers and fractal dimension is a positive correlation. However, relation of fracture average length and fractal dimension is an inverse correlation. The larger number of fractures and the larger fractal dimension. The longer fracture average length and the smaller fractal dimension. Furthermore, CT values of fracture feature pixels have been analyzed by comparing different CT slice images. X-ray attenuation degree of rock materials is obviously higher than coal materials. (2) Experimental research on coulping relations of stress-fracture-seepage in excavation coal-rock has been developed. Seepage behavior is vividly shown during coal or rock specimens crack process by injecting imaging liquid. Also, imaging liquid injecting dosage quantitatively reflected fracture seepage capability. Therefore, acoustic emission(AE) data, fracture dynamic evolution and seepage images have been achieved under multi-level cyclic loading in the laboratory experiment system integrating X-ray digital radiography technology, AE testing and infrared radiography. The results show that fatigue damage cumulative strength (FDCS) of coal sample under multi-level cyclic loading is 14.03MPa. FDCS of rock sample is 15.83MPa. Average felicity ratio of coal specimens is 1.12 and rock specimens is 1.41. Failure process of coal and rock specimens under multi-level cyclic loading defined as the process of fracture extending, fracture closing together and main fracture structure failure. Fracture seepage behavior in coal and rock specimens show typically non-liner evolution laws. Stress-fracture-seepage behaviors of coal and rock show closely coupling properties. (3) Physical simulation experiment study was conducted on coupling-induced disaster mechanism of stress-fracture-seepage in top-coal caving of steeply inclined coal seams. It was studied and revealed co-deformation mechanism of ground and underground stratum during coal seams excavation, and fracture seepage behavior responding to groundwater flow system. Experimental results show that co-deformation essence of ground and underground stratum during coal seams excavation was fracture extending due to roof shearing and sliding. Fracture evolution was mainly shown in the location of roof and rock pillar. There is an essential control effect on structure evolution of surrounding rock from rock pillar stability. Responsing mechanism of groundwater flow system was also studied and revealed. Space between separated layers could be enriched with water and then underground water flows into mined-out area. Water hydrocele could flow from the mined-out area of 43# coal seam to the mined-out area of 45# coal seam, and then flows into floor of coal seam in the way of seepage behavior. Space transfusion features is astern replenishment and lateral providing. (4) Mechanism of dynamic diasaters evolution has been revealed according to coupling relations of stress-fracture-seepage during steeply inclined coal seams mining. Furthermore, in-situ stress field type is σH>σV>σh for considering detection results of stress field, fracture field and seepage field. The detection results show that fracture development in coal seams of 87 degree is richer than that in coal seams of 45-degree, and which show obviously shearing failure feature. The critical depth of steeply inclined coal seams deep mining is 365m to 410m. Space relations model of large-scale fracture in the ground surface and working face was established. The O-style collapse in the ground surface extends to formating V-style collapse groove along the working face heading and horizontal direction as the deeper mining. (5) The engineering application effect shows that Markov chain model and probability transition matrix could scientifically describe coupling-induced disaster process of fracture-seepage in excavation coal-rock. These states that dynamic disaster prevention should be placed by an emphasis on stability control of roof and rock pillar. The in-situ monitoring data proves that the possibility of coupling-induced disaster has been lowered by taking measures for ground deep borehole blasting of steeply inclined rock pillar and prevention technology is reasonable and effective against dynamic disasters. These research results provided scientific basis for dynamic disaster prevention in top-coal caving of steeply inclined coal seams, which could also provide some significant guidance for safety mining of complicated coal and rock.