本文选题以科学技术发展、信息革命、经济全球化和知识经济时代为背景，立足于我国社会主义市场经济条件下高等教育大众化的发展趋势，考察21世纪中国高等院校的教育体制改革。知识经济时代，国家之间的竞争越来越集中地表现为以综合国力为基础的经济竞争、科技竞争，而其背后是知识竞争，归根到底是人才的竞争，其根本保证是教育。当代大学生是实现我国“三步走”发展战略的主要承担者和实践者，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要依靠力量，因此，高等教育发展的快慢、教育水平和质量的高低，将关系到中国的未来发展和整个民族的振兴。大学教育如何走出传统教育理念的局限性，如何将国际化办学的思想和要求融入到高校的各项工作中去，创新教育模式，培养出具有开拓性、创新精神和国际竞争力的创业型人才，实现素质教育的教育国际化观念是当务之急。 本文以马克思主义哲学的观点，以邓小平教育理论为指导，根据科教兴国战略与素质教育理念，从科学技术是第一生产力而教育是基础的原理出发，尤其是根据邓小平“三个面向”和“三个代表”重要思想关于教育改革和发展的战略方针，创新性地提出了通过在高校建立大学生创业意识培养体系来成功实施素质教育，从而深化高等教育改革，实现高等教育的跨越式发展的思想。在提出创业意识教育的基础上，从素质教育、创业意识教育二者之间的内在联系出发，从高等教育管理、德育原理、思想政治教育等多学科的交叉处入手，从它们的相互关系中对大学生创业意识的现状、进行创业意识培养实践的理论基础、原则、方法等进行深入的分析研究，较为全面、系统地阐明了创业意识的内涵、创业意识培养的重要意义以及实施的目标体系建立、运行机制、模式和具体途径等等。 本文以高等教育大众化的素质教育观为指针，从理论探索到实践应用，提出大学生创业意识的培养是针对大学生走创业就业之路这一新的现实问题的认识观念化，并使之上升到价值观的高度，指导大学生的自觉行动，并转化成物质的力量，实现大学生就业与创业、素质教育与创业教育的完美结合，适应了素质教育的需要，反映了高等教育的世界性变化趋势这一观点；指出大学生创业意识的内容是多方面的，就目前我国大学生的状况，应着重强化四个方面的培养：大学生创业品质意识培养、大学生创新意识培养、可持续发展意识培养、终身学习意识培养；并针对目前各高校创业意识教育现状，提出了实施创业意识教育的具体模式、途径以及创业意识培养体系的建立和运行机制方面的具体措施。 本文从我国社会主义市场经济条件下的大学生就业这一特定角度，依据高等教育国际化的发展趋势，以培养我国大学生创业意识为主线，对大学生创业意识教育的研究进行了较为系统、深入的思考，旨在探索出一条适合于新时期进行素质教育的新思路、新方法，是对21世纪高等院校素质教育理念的发展和创新；指出对大学生实施创业意识的培养，对丰富我国高校素质教育，全面提高当代大学生整体素质，对大学生进行创业就业指导和创业就业教育具有重要的指导意义；对于深入贯彻我国的科教兴国战略，提高全民族的自觉性，增强全民创业意识，提高全体国民素质具有重要意义；对我国高等教育深化改革、社会的未来发展具有重大的理论意义和实践意义。

This paper is selected its topic with science and technology development, information revolution, economic globalization and knowledge-based economy ages for its background. It also has a footing of popularizing developmental tendency of higher education in our socialism market economy condition. On the ground of these, the writer investigates colleges and universities of its educational system reform in the 21th century. In the ages of the knowledge-based economy, the competition between nations base on comprehensive national strength and concentrate more and more in economic field, science and technology field. But its back is knowledge competition. It is the talented person's competition exactly and is guaranteed by education. The contemporary university students are main undertakers and practitioners to realize our country’s developmental strategy of the "three-step walk". They are also the most important reliance to fufil the great renewal of our nation. So, it will relate to our country’s future and promotion for us how to develop higher education in speed, level and quality. How to make a breakthrough in opinions of traditional education? How should we mix into every work with ideas of international education to create new educational models? And how to cultivate competitively enterprising talents with pioneering and innovative spirits? These are urgency to fufil opinion convertion of quality-oriented education. On the standpoint of the Marxist philosophy, this paper is guided with Deng Xiaoping educational theories. It is also accorded with the strategy of developing nations on science and education and quality-oriented education. It follows the principle of “science and technology is the first productivity” and “education is the base”, especially Deng Xiaoping's “three-face” and “three- representatives”’ important thoughts. It creatively proposes that to fufil quality-oriented education ,deepen higher education reform and achieve higher education’s leap-over through establishing college students’ entrepreneur consciousness in colleges and universities. On the ground of entrepreneur consciousness education, the writer starts from intrinsic relations between quality-oriented education and entrepreneur consciousness education, and starts with multi-disciplinary theory and practicality that combined together with the principle of higher education, moral and ideological education. From these relations between each other, the present condition of college students’ entrepreneur consciousness and theoretical bases, principles and methods of cultivating entrepreneur consciousness are deeply analyzed and studied in this paper, and the connotation of entrepreneur consciousness, the significance of cultivating entrepreneur consciousness, objective system’s establishment, running mechanism, model, and concrete ways are also more comprehensively expounded. With the view of quality-oriented of higher education’s popularization ,this paper proposed that the cultivation of college students’ entrepreneur consciousness aims at fostering conception of becoming enterprisers, makes it at the altitude of value idea, conducts college students’ self-conscious behavior, converts to material strength and fufil perfect combination of employment and starting undertaking, and of quality-oriented education and entrepreneur education from theoretical search to practical application. These adapt to the need of quality-oriented education and reflect the trend of international higher education’s change. The contents of college students’ entrepreneur consciousness are shown in many respects. Currently, we should intensify them in four aspects: college students’ enterprise character, innovation consciousness, sustainable development consciousness, and lifelong learning consciousness. Furthermore, being directed against current conditions of entrepreneur consciousness education in universities and colleges, concrete ways, models, running mechanism, and measures of entrepreneur consciousness education and system’s establishment of entrepreneur consciousness cultivation are also put forward. From the particular angle of college students’ employment under the condition of our country’s socialism market economy, with the main line of cultivation of entrepreneur consciousness, this paper carries deep research on college students’ entrepreneur consciousness education according to the developmental trend of higher education internalization. It means to search for a new way of thinking and measures meeting the need of quality-oriented education. That’s an innovation and promotion to the idea of quality –oriented in universities and colleges in 21 century. It also points out that the cultivation of college students’ entrepreneur consciousness has guiding significance to enrich quality-oriented education in universities and colleges, to raise the whole quality of college students overall, and has an instructive meaning to the university students’ employment or starting undertaking. It has significant meaning to implement our country’s strategy of developing nations through science and education thorough, raise the whole nation’s self-consciousness, intensify the civil entrepreneur consciousness, and exalt all citizen's character. It also has theoretical meaning and practical meaning to go deep into the reform of our country’s higher education and the future social development.