彬长矿区作为我国重要的煤炭生产基地之一，随着浅层煤层开采殆尽，生产重心逐渐向深部转移，煤岩体在高地应力、高地温、高岩溶水压和工程开采扰动的影响下，冲击地压动力灾害发生的频度和强度逐渐增加。由于冲击地压诱发条件的多样性与复杂性，难以用统一的理论解释所有的冲击地压现象。开展彬长矿区深埋煤层冲击地压发生机理试验研究，可为矿井动力灾害发生机理、监测技术和防治措施提供重要的理论依据。本文以彬长矿区冲击地压灾害频发的某深埋煤层为研究对象，采用理论分析与室内试验相结合的方法开展研究工作，取得了以下主要成果和结论：

（1）综合分析彬长矿区某矿深埋煤层地质构造条件、破坏类型判据、采掘活动、冲击地压显现特征，对其冲击地压诱发因素进行研究。高埋深与高地应力造成冲击地压启动门槛大幅降低，积蓄了大量弹性变形能，工程开采导致顶板覆岩运动，使煤岩体受到一定频率的动载扰动，在动静载荷叠加作用下诱发冲击地压灾害。

（2）完成了彬长矿区某矿深埋煤层煤岩冲击倾向性测定试验、X衍射试验和不同含水率煤岩的冲击倾向性特征试验。测定该煤层煤岩具有强冲击倾向性特征；相同地质条件下，微晶参数芳香层片直径与层片平均堆砌厚度的比值越大的强冲击倾向性煤岩，单轴抗压强度越高，引发冲击地压的可能性越大；煤层煤岩含水率与其冲击倾向性指数大小基本遵循Boltzmann模型拟合。

（3）完成了强冲击倾向性煤岩在不同动载频率及振幅下的动静组合加载试验。随着动载频率与振幅的增大，煤岩变形能力呈增幅趋势，承载能力大幅降低，呈拉剪复合破坏模式。低动载频率下，煤岩系统能量释放大小随动载振幅增大而增大，而高频率下能量释放大小与动载振幅呈负相关。动载初期，声发射高频高幅响应，动载后期，声发射趋于沉寂，且随着动载频率增大，后续静载下煤岩失稳破坏时，声发射活跃程度较高。声发射RA-AF值分布随着动载频率增大，由张拉破坏向剪切破坏过渡。声发射b值呈跳崖式或断崖式的下降趋势可作为强冲击倾向性煤岩发生失稳破坏的前兆信息。

（4）完成了强冲击倾向性煤岩在不同应变加载速率条件下的单、三轴声发射试验。随着应变加载速率的增大，煤岩峰值强度逐渐减小，峰值应变呈先增高后降低；随着围压增大，煤岩峰值应变逐渐增加，峰值强度先升高后降低，破坏形式由张拉劈裂破坏转化为剪切破坏。单轴压缩下，煤岩耗散应变能大小与应变加载速率呈负相关，随着围压增大，能量转化方式以耗散应变能为主，不同应变加载速率下煤岩储能极限与其承载能力呈正相关。不同应变加载速率与围压下，煤岩应变能变化趋势基本遵循Slogistic模型增长。声发射累计计数率与绝对能量率的峰值可作为预示煤岩即将发生失稳破坏前兆的临界点。当煤岩声发射主频分布低值响应、破裂尺度骤增时，极具冲击危险性。

（5）基于彬长矿区深埋煤层开采冲击地压发生机理，利用微震及地音监测系统对煤层及其围岩开展实时监测，对高能量积聚、释放的预警区域采取爆破、水力压裂、大直径钻孔卸压与加强支护措施，经工程实践解危效果检验，采取的防治措施有效降低了煤层及其围岩的动静载荷水平，提高了工作面的抗冲击能力，保证了工作面的安全开采。

Binchang mining area is one of the important coal production bases in China. With the exploitation of shallow coal seams, the production center of gravity gradually shifts to the deep. Under the influence of high ground stress, high ground temperature, high karst water pressure and engineering mining disturbance, the frequency and intensity of coal burst dynamic disasters increase gradually. Due to the diversity and complexity of induced conditions of coal burst, it is difficult to explain all phenomena of coal burst with unified theory. The experimental study on coal burst mechanism of deep coal seam in Binchang mining area can provide important theoretical basis for the mechanism of mine dynamic disaster, monitoring technology and prevention measures. In this paper, a deep buried coal seam with frequent coal burst disasters in Binchang mining area is taken as the research object, and the research work is carried out by combining theoretical analysis with laboratory test. The main results and conclusions are as follows :

(1) Based on the comprehensive analysis of geological structure conditions, failure type criteria, mining activities and coal burst appearance characteristics of deep-buried coal seam in a mine in binchang mining area, the coal burst inducing factors were studied. High buried depth and high in-situ stress result in a large reduction in the threshold of coal burst initiation, and a large amount of elastic deformation energy is accumulated. Engineering mining leads to the movement of roof overburden, which causes the coal rock mass to be disturbed by a certain frequency of dynamic load, and induces coal burst disaster under the superposition of dynamic and static load.

(2) The impact tendency test, X-ray diffraction test and impact tendency characteristic test of coal rock with different water contents in deep buried coal seam of a mine in Binchang mining area were completed. It was determined that the coal rock of the coal seam had strong impact tendency characteristics. Under the same geological conditions, the larger the ratio of the diameter of the aromatic lamellae with the average stacking thickness of the lamellae is, the stronger the strong impact-prone coal rock is. The higher the uniaxial compressive strength is, the greater the possibility of coal burst is. The water content of coal rock and its impact tendency index basically follow Boltzmann model fitting.

(3) The dynamic and static combined loading test of coal rock with strong impact tendency under different dynamic loading frequency and amplitude was completed. With the increase of dynamic load frequency and amplitude, the deformation capacity of coal rock shows an increasing trend, and the bearing capacity is greatly reduced, showing a tensile-shear composite failure mode. At low dynamic load frequency, the energy release of coal rock system increases with the increase of dynamic load amplitude, while at high frequency, the energy release is negatively correlated with the dynamic load amplitude. In the early stage of dynamic load, the acoustic emission has a high frequency and high amplitude response. In the late stage of dynamic load, the acoustic emission tends to be quiet. With the increase of dynamic load frequency, the acoustic emission activity is high when the coal rock is unstable and damaged under subsequent static load. The RA-AF value distribution of AE transits from tensile failure to shear failure with the increase of dynamic load frequency. The decreasing trend of acoustic emission b-value in cliff type or cliff type can be used as the precursor information of instability failure of coal rock with strong impact tendency.

(4) The uniaxial and triaxial AE tests of coal with strong impact tendency under different strain loading rates were completed. With the increase of strain loading rate, the peak strength of coal rock decreases gradually, and the peak strain increases first and then decreases. With the increase of confining pressure, the peak strain of coal rock increases gradually, and the peak strength increases first and then decreases. The failure mode changes from tensile splitting failure to shear failure. Under uniaxial compression, the dissipation strain energy of coal rock is negatively correlated with the strain loading rate. With the increase of confining pressure, the energy conversion mode is dominated by dissipation strain energy. The energy storage limit of coal rock under different strain loading rates is positively correlated with its bearing capacity. Under different strain loading rates and confining pressures, the variation trend of coal rock strain energy basically follows the growth of Slogistic model. The peak value of cumulative count rate and absolute energy rate of acoustic emission can be used as a critical point for predicting the imminent instability and failure of coal rock. When the main frequency distribution of coal rock acoustic emission has a low value response and the fracture scale increases sharply, it is extremely dangerous to impact.

(5) Based on the occurrence mechanism of coal burst in deep-buried coal seam mining in Binchang mining area, the microseismic and geoacoustic monitoring system is used to carry out real-time monitoring of coal seam and its surrounding rock. Blasting, hydraulic fracturing, large-diameter borehole pressure relief and strengthening support measures are adopted for the early warning area of high energy accumulation and release. The results of engineering practice show that the adopted prevention and control measures effectively reduce the dynamic and static load level of coal seam and its surrounding rock, improve the impact resistance of working face, and ensure the safe mining of working face.

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