“意识形态”这一概念自出现以来，相关的解释、看法就不一而足。马克思创造性地指出社会存在决定社会意识，经济基础决定上层建筑，揭示了社会发展的本质和规律。但在弗洛姆看来，社会存在是如何决定社会意识的，意识形态是如何从经济基础中生发出来的，意识影响、制约社会的方式是怎样的，其中的作用机制还没有得到具体的阐释。于是将马克思的意识形态学说和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说结合起来，引入“社会性格”和“社会无意识”两个概念，并以此为中介，探究意识形态的产生、运作机制及其社会功能，通过对资本主义意识形态进行批判，调节其异化的社会性格、揭示社会无意识，最终建立人自由发展的健全社会。其独特的精神分析角度阐明了意识形态的中介作用，强调了个体心理动向的重要作用。虽然最终走向了歧途，将其意识形态批判理论建立在抽象的人性的基础上，但其对心理变革的重视、构建健全社会的尝试，对我国全面建成社会主义现代化强国，实现高质量发展有着重要借鉴意义。
本文主体分为五章。第一章是绪论部分，说明选题缘由、研究思路、研究方法及国内外研究现状，是研究的铺垫。第二章梳理弗洛姆意识形态理论的发展脉络，介绍弗洛姆意识形态理论产生的时代背景与理论资源，把握弗洛姆意识形态概念的出场语境，是全面展示其理论图景的重要基础。第三章系统论述了弗洛姆的意识形态理论，主要从意识形态如何通过社会性格和社会无意识建构起来，在意识形态运作过程中的推动力，以及意识形态的功能、现实目标这四个方面展开论述。第四章结合目前文化语境对弗洛姆意识形态理论的意义与局限作了评析。梳理其对马克思主义意识形态理论的进一步说明，指明其理论的抽象性和局限性。第五章针对全球化程度加深、意识形态分化背景下我国社会中出现的问题与挑战，以当前社会个体的心理变化情况为基点，探索如何更好筑牢意识形态建设新高地。

Since the emergence of the concept of "ideology", there have been various explanations and views. Marx creatively pointed out that social existence determines social consciousness, and economic basis determines superstructure, revealing the essence and law of social development. But in Fromm's opinion, how social existence determines social consciousness, how ideology emerges from economic basis, and how consciousness affects and restricts society, the mechanism of action has not been specifically explained. Therefore, combining Marx's ideological theory with Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the two concepts of "social character" and "social unconsciousness" were introduced, and as an intermediary, the production, operation mechanism and social function of ideology were explored. Through the criticism of capitalist ideology, the alienated social character was adjusted, the social unconsciousness was revealed, and a healthy society was finally established for the free development of human beings. The unique psychoanalytic perspective clarifies the intermediary role of ideology and emphasizes the important role of individual psychological trends. Although he eventually went astray and established his ideological critical theory on the basis of abstract humanity, his emphasis on psychological change and attempt to build a healthy society have important reference significance for China to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way and achieve high-quality development.This paper is divided into five chapters.Chapter 1 is the introduction, which explains the reasons for the topic selection, research ideas, research methods and research status at home and abroad, which is the basis for the research.Chapter 2 combs the theoretical origin of Fromm's ideology, introduces the historical background and theoretical resources of Fromm's ideological theory, grasps the context of Fromm's ideological concept, which is an important basis for the comprehensive display of its theoretical picture.Chapter 3 systematically discusses Fromm's ideological theory, mainly from the four aspects of how ideology is constructed through social character and social unconsciousness, the driving force in the process of ideological operation, as well as the function and realistic goal of ideology.Chapter 4 evaluates and analyzes the significance and limitations of Fromm's ideological theory in the current cultural context.It sorts out its supplement to Marxist ideology and points out the abstractness and limitations of its theory. Chapter 5 aims at the problems and challenges in our society under the background of deepening globalization and ideological differentiation. Combined with the characteristics of Fromm's ideological theory, the chapter takes the psychological changes of individuals in the current society as the basic point and tries to answer from the perspective of constructing the ideology of the new era.