在煤油共生矿井中，随着煤矿开采强度的不断增加，易引起邻近含油层的强烈变形或是油井管破坏，从而产生裂缝，导致部分原油沿采动裂缝或构造渗流至煤层，油侵煤后将会改变其孔隙结构，从而使采掘工作面瓦斯涌出规律发生改变，增大了矿井瓦斯灾害的防治难度。针对此问题，本文选取黄陵煤矿煤样和原油，运用理论与实验相结合的方法，从物理结构和化学结构两个角度分析不同浸油煤样的微观结构变化特征、微观结构对瓦斯吸附的影响，对煤油共生矿井有重要的理论意义和实践指导价值。

通过开展电镜扫描实验、压汞实验、低温氮吸附实验相关测试，分析了不同浸油煤样的表面形貌、孔隙形态和类型，得出浸油煤样表面出现了降低孔隙率的粒内孔，其中浸油7天的煤样表面形成一层似“薄膜”且孔隙边缘结构、孔隙形态结构更为简单。与原煤样相比，浸油煤样孔隙多以封闭孔为主，孔隙之间连通性差。

基于压汞和低温氮吸附数据，对比分析不同浸油煤样孔容积和比表面积并进行全孔径联孔，得到不同浸油煤样的联孔范围，且浸油煤样的总孔容和总比表面积较原煤均有减小。采用Menger模型、FHH模型计算相对应孔径段的分形维数，得到浸油煤样的综合分形维数均有所减小，且与煤组成成分、孔隙体积及比表面积有显著影响。

通过红外光谱图，研究原煤样与浸油煤样的表面官能团变化特征，得到浸油煤样的各类官能团均有所增加，其中含氧官能团中羧基C=O含量及酚、醇、醚、酯 C-O伸缩振动含量有明显增加；随着浸油天数的增加，煤样的芳香度、脂肪链长、芳碳率和芳氢率含量均减小，含氧官能团含量增加。

通过HCA实验，对比分析了三种模型选出最佳模型，并探讨了不同浸油煤样的瓦斯吸附与孔径分布、综合分形维数及含氧官能团的关系，得到浸油后的煤样的各段孔容、比表面积的减小，综合分形维数减小，含氧官能团的增加，均导致瓦斯吸附能力的削弱，因此，瓦斯吸附能力受孔径分布和表面官能团的共同控制。

In the coal-oil symbiotic mine, with the continuous increase of coal mining intensity, it is easy to cause strong deformation of adjacent oil-bearing layers or damage of oil well pipes, resulting in cracks, resulting in the seepage of some crude oil along the mining cracks or structures to the coal seam. After the oil invades the coal, it will change its pore structure, so that the gas emission law of the mining face will change, which increases the difficulty of mine gas disaster prevention and control. In view of this problem, this paper selects coal samples and crude oil from Huang Ling Coal Mine, and uses a combination of theory and experiment to analyze the microstructure change characteristics of different oil-immersed coal samples from the perspectives of physical structure and chemical structure. The influence of microstructure on gas adsorption has important theoretical significance and practical guiding value for kerosene symbiotic mines.

The surface morphology, pore morphology and type of different oil-immersed coal samples were analyzed by carrying out electron microscope scanning pore-fracture analysis software, mercury intrusion experiment and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment. It is concluded that the surface of oil-immersed coal samples has intragranular pores that reduce porosity. Among them, the surface of coal samples immersed in oil for 7 days forms a layer of ' film ' and the pore edge structure and pore morphology structure are simpler. Compared with the raw coal sample, the pores of the oil-immersed coal sample are mainly closed pores, and the connectivity between the pores is poor.

Based on the data of mercury injection and low temperature nitrogen adsorption, the pore volume and specific surface area of different oil-immersed coal samples were compared and analyzed, and the full-aperture joint pore was carried out to obtain the joint pore range of different oil-immersed coal samples, and the total pore volume and total specific surface area of oil-immersed coal samples were smaller than those of raw coal. The Menger model and FHH model are used to calculate the fractal dimension of the corresponding pore size section. The comprehensive fractal dimension of the oil-immersed coal sample is reduced, and it has a significant effect on the coal composition, pore volume and specific surface area.

The change characteristics of surface functional groups of raw coal samples and oil-immersed coal samples were studied by infrared spectroscopy. It was found that all kinds of functional groups of oil-immersed coal samples increased, among which the content of carboxyl C = O and the content of C-O stretching vibration of phenol, alcohol, ether and ester in oxygen-containing functional groups increased significantly. With the increase of oil immersion days, the aromaticity, aliphatic chain length, aromatic carbon rate and aromatic hydrogen rate of coal samples decreased, and the content of oxygen-containing functional groups increased.

Through the HCA experiment, the best model was selected by comparing and analyzing the three models, and the relationship between gas adsorption and pore size distribution, comprehensive fractal dimension and oxygen-containing functional groups of different oil-immersed coal samples was discussed. The decrease of pore volume and specific surface area of each section of coal samples after oil immersion, the decrease of comprehensive fractal dimension and the increase of oxygen-containing functional groups all lead to the weakening of gas adsorption capacity. Therefore, gas adsorption capacity is controlled by pore size distribution and surface functional groups.