葫芦素煤矿为高矿压矿井，为平衡矿压提高回采率，采用留设小煤柱的开采方式。在开采过程中小煤柱易受矿压和综采扰动影响破碎裂隙，致使采空区的漏风量增大，靠近小煤柱侧采空区的遗煤量增多，导致煤柱和遗煤发生氧化。这些因素势必会增加采空区煤氧化自燃的危险性，因此，对于小煤柱综采面采空区煤自燃防控研究很有必要。本文以葫芦素煤矿2^-1煤层21404小煤柱综采工作面为研究对象，开展了小煤柱综采面采空区煤自燃规律及防控技术的研究。

（1）通过不同氧浓度下的煤自燃程序升温实验研究，得出2^-1煤自然发火的临界温度为60~70℃，干裂温度为100~110℃，确定出2^-1煤自燃指标气体为CO、C₂H₄、C₂H₂。得到2^-1煤自燃耗氧速率、放热强度和极限参数，分析出低氧状态可以减缓煤自燃进程。

（2）构建了集O₂、CO等气体传感器于一体的采空区煤自燃无线监测系统，并在葫芦素煤矿21404工作面采空区进行了应用，得到了该采空区100m埋深范围内O₂和CO浓度的变化规律。得出进风侧采空区测点埋深27m时氧浓度降至18%，埋深99m时降至10%，回风侧测点埋深11m时氧浓度降至18%，61.5m时降至8%。

（3）采用示踪气体SF₆对小煤柱综采面采空区漏风规律进行测定，得出21404工作面采空区与相邻小煤柱老空区通过回风巷道存在气体交换现象，对21404工作面采空区煤自燃有一定影响。为确定21404工作面采空区危险区域分布，通过观测工作面推进速度、采空区浮煤厚度及采空区氧气浓度分布，结合煤自燃极限参数和采空区流场数值模拟结果，确定出21404工作面采空区煤自燃危险区域范围，进风侧为27m~111.7m，回风侧为11m~66m，得出21404工作面最小安全推进速度为2.4m/d。

（4）结合2^-1煤自燃特征温度和指标气体确立了21404工作面采空区煤自燃分级预警体系，运用无线监测系统对21404工作面采空区煤自燃进行分级预警。根据小煤柱综采面采空区漏风规律，确立了小煤柱喷涂与充填堵漏的漏风治理措施。根据采空区煤自燃规律，结合模拟得到距21404工作面70m的采空区处为注氮最佳位置，2000m³‧h^-1为注氮最优量。根据采空区煤自燃危险区域划分范围，采用粉煤灰与凝胶剂复合灌浆技术，沿工作面进回风侧采空区每间隔85m灌注一道复合浆体墙，从而达到阻隔漏风，隔绝氧气的效果，能够有效阻隔采空区煤自燃危险区域。研究结果为留设小煤柱开采工作面煤自燃防控工作具有指导意义。

The Hulusu Coal Mine is a high-pressure mine. In order to balance the mine pressure and improve the recovery rate, the mining method of leaving small coal pillars is adopted. However, during the mining process, small coal pillars are easily affected by mining pressure and disturbances caused by comprehensive excavating, leading to increased air leakage in the goaf area. The quantity of residual coal near the side of the small coal pillars increased, which caused oxidation of coal pillars and residual coal. These factors increase the risk of coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion in the goaf area, and it is necessary to conduct research on prevention and control of coal self-ignition in the goaf area of small coal pillars. This article takes the 21404 small coal pillar comprehensive excavation face of the 2^-1 coal seam in the Hulusu Coal Mine as the research object and carries out research on the laws of coal self-ignition and prevention and control technology in the goaf area of small coal pillars.

（1）Through the experimental research of coal spontaneous combustion program heating at different oxygen concentrations, it was determined that the critical temperature for natural ignition of 2^-1 coal is 60-70℃, the dry cracking temperature is 100-110℃. The indicators gases for 2^-1 coal self-ignition were determined to be CO, C₂H₄, C₂H₂. The oxygen consumption rate, heat release intensity, and limit parameters of 2^-1 coal self-ignition were obtained. The analysis shows that a low oxygen state can slow down the process of coal self-ignition.

（2）A wireless monitoring system was constructed, integrating O₂, CO and other gas sensors for monitoring the spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf area. The system was applied in the goaf area of the 21404 working face of the Hulusu Coal Mine. The changes in O₂ and CO concentrations within a depth of 100m in the goaf area were obtained. The results showed that the oxygen concentration decreased to 18% at a depth of 27m from the intake side, and to 10% at a depth of 99m. On the return air side, the oxygen concentration decreased to 18% at a depth of 11m, and to 8% at a depth of 61.5m.

（3）Tracer gas SF₆ was used to measure the air leakage law in the goaf area of the small coal pillars in the comprehensive mining face. Combined with the numerical simulation of Fluent software, it is found that an obvious vortex area is generated in the goaf at the return corner of the 21404 working face To determine the distribution of dangerous areas in the goaf area of the 21404 working face, the advance speed of the working face, the thickness of floating coal in the goaf area, and the distribution of oxygen concentration were observed. Combining with the limit parameters of coal spontaneous combustion and the numerical simulation results of the flow field in the goaf area, the dangerous area range of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf area of the 21404 working face was determined. The intake side is from 27m to 111.7m, and the return air side is from 11m to 66m. The minimum safe advance speed of the 21404 working face was determined to be 2.4m/d.

（4）Combining the self-ignition characteristic temperature and indicator gas of 2^-1 coal, the coal spontaneous combustion grading warning system for the goaf area of the 21404 working face was established, and the wireless classification was used for the warning of coal combustion spontaneous in the goaf area of the 21404 working face. Based on the air leakage law in the goaf area of the small coal pillars in the comprehensive mining face, the leakage control measures of spraying and filling sealing were established. The optimal nitrogen injection line is 70m, and the optimal nitrogen injection amount is 2000m^3.h^-1. According to the range of the dangerous area of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf area, the composite grouting technology of fly ash and gel agent was used to inject a composite slurry wall every 85m along the intake and return air sides of the goaf area in the working face to block air leakage and isolate oxygen. The results can effectively block the dangerous areas in the goaf area.

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