巷道塌陷、瓦斯突出等力学产生的问题，严重影响煤炭企业的安全生产。结合计算机应用技术对应力场进行有效的可视化，对分析应力场拓扑结构有着重要的研究意义。当前最常用的可视化方法是绘制应力分量的等值线图，但该方法不能有效反映出应力场的基本特征。主应力迹线是研究应力场可视化的一种重要手段，它能显示出应力场的全貌特征、反映应力的传递路径，并以此解释应力场结构与巷道失稳破坏、瓦斯突出等之间存在的关系及规律。论文借助计算机图形学中张量场可视化的相关方法，通过理论分析、算法设计，得出较为有效的主应力迹线绘制算法。本文主要研究内容如下： 首先，针对无法用简单的方法确定应力张量的两个主应力方向所属族别的问题，论文根据应力场的连续性原则，设计了一种基于One-Class SVM的主应力向量分族算法，对应力场异常数据点进行修正，将所有已知点的两个主应力向量进行分族，从而使应力场的可视化问题转化为两个主应力向量场的可视化问题，为主应力迹线的绘制奠定基础。 其次，通过分析退化点对应力场拓扑结构产生的影响，提出了一种基于实对称矩阵的退化点提取算法。该算法首先选取适当的退化点特征参数绘制等值线图，能够反映出应力场退化点位置及应力之间存在的联系。根据退化点与实对称矩阵的对应关系，结合变异系数来控制特征值参数的阈值，加快了算法提取退化点的速度。通过实验结果表明，该算法与SIFT算法相比，在执行效率上得到了显著的提升。 最后，对传统的迹线绘制算法中存在迹线放置、迹线闭合等问题进行分析，提出了一种基于应力场拓扑结构的主应力迹线放置算法。该算法结合数值积分、虚拟网格、余弦相似度等方法，通过选取适当的种子点来快速绘制主应力迹线。为了进一步展示应力场结构和巷道失稳破坏的岩体结构之间存在的关系，将应力值、主应力迹线与颜色相结合，构造出三维模型用于显示应力场中的多特征信息。

In coal mining, the problems caused by mechanics, such as roadway collapse, and gas outburst, seriously affect the safe production of coal enterprises. So the effective visualization of the stress field by computer application technology has important research significance for analyzing the structure of stress field. The most common visualization method currently used is to plot the contour map of the stress component, but this method does not effectively reflect the basic characteristics of the stress field. The principal stress trajectory is an important means to study the visualization of stress fields. It can show the whole characteristics of the stress field，and reflect the transmission path of the stress field. So it can explain relationship and regular pattern, of which the stress field structure is existed between the roadway instability failure and exposed gas. The paper uses the relevant methods of tensor field visualization in computer graphics to obtain a more effective method for the main stress trajectory through theoretical analysis and algorithm design. The main researches are as follows: Firstly, there is the problem that the two principal stress directions of the stress tensor that cannot be determined by a simple method. According to the continuity of the principle stress field, this paper designs a principal stress family algorithm based on the One-Class SVM, to correct the stress field anomaly data points and classify the two principal stress vectors of all known points, thus transforming the visualization problem of the stress field into the visualization problem of two principal stress vector fields, to lay the foundation for solving the drawing problem of the main stress trajectory; Then, after analysis of the entire topological structure, it is affected by the degradation point of the stress field. The paper proposes a degenerate point extraction algorithm based on real symmetric matrix. The algorithm selects the appropriate feature parameters of the points to draw a contour map, which can reflect the relationship of the location of the degenerate point and the stress's magnitude. According to the correspondence between the degenerate point and the real symmetric matrix, the eigenvalue parameter threshold is controlled by the coefficient of variation, which speeds up the process of extracting the degenerate points. Through the experimental verification, the algorithm, which is compared with the SIFT algorithm, improves the time efficiency; Finally, there are problems, such as trajectory placement or closure, in the traditional trajectory drawing algorithm. The paper proposes a principal stress trajectory placement algorithm based on stress field topology, which uses the methods of interpolation and numerical integration, ghost-cell method, cosine similarity to quickly draw the main stress trajectory by selecting the appropriate seed point. In order to further demonstrate the relationship between the stress field structure and the rock mass structure of the roadway instability failure, the stress value, the main stress trace and the color are combined to construct a three-dimensional mode for displaying the multi-feature information in the stress field.