我国煤层普遍具有低渗透赋存特点，瓦斯抽采难度大，瓦斯灾害防控压力大，传统钻孔预抽技术无法克服煤层低渗难题。注氮驱替瓦斯技术可增大煤体内部气压，提高混气渗流速度，为瓦斯运移提供充足动力和可靠运移通道，有效提升瓦斯抽采效率。

      论文选用胡底矿煤样，基于自研煤系气流固耦合综合测试实验系统，开展了CH₄/N₂吸附-解吸-渗流及脉冲注氮驱替瓦斯全过程的气体运移和煤体弱化变形规律研究，分析了脉冲注氮全过程的驱替瓦斯效率和注氮增流效应，并探讨了脉冲注氮驱替瓦斯机制。

      通过CH₄/N₂吸附-解吸-渗流实验，得到实验全过程的气体运移和煤体弱化变形规律。随着气体压力升高，气体吸附量增大；吸附膨胀变形随吸附量增加而增大，煤体轴/环向形变与CH₄/N₂吸附量分别呈指数、一次函数增长。随着气体压力升高，气体解吸量增大；解吸收缩变形随解吸量增加而增大，煤体轴/环向形变与CH₄/N₂解吸量分别呈二次、指数函数增长。原煤渗流平衡时的轴/环向形变均小于吸附平衡时的轴/环向形变。

      通过脉冲注氮驱替瓦斯实验，得到脉冲注氮全过程的气体运移和煤体弱化变形规律。各循环周期煤体轴向形变划分注气压缩变形、吸附膨胀变形、解吸收缩变形3阶段；环向形变划分注气膨胀变形、吸附膨胀变形、解吸收缩变形3阶段。随着轴压/围压或瓦斯压力增大，煤体轴/环向形变降低；随着注氮压力增大，煤体轴/环向形变增大；循环周期内注氮/停注时间占比越大，煤体收缩变形量越大。析出CH₄浓度整体呈下降趋势，析出N₂浓度整体呈上升趋势。注氮阶段混气流量上升，注氮对瓦斯运移起到增流作用；停注阶段混气流量下降，出现不同程度断流现象，再次注氮可解决断流问题。

      得到了各因素对注氮驱替瓦斯表征参数和注氮增流效应的影响规律。随着轴压/围压增大，驱替瓦斯效率降低，驱替瓦斯比升高；随着注氮压力增大，驱替瓦斯效率升高，驱替瓦斯比降低；随着瓦斯压力增大，驱替瓦斯效率差别较小，驱替瓦斯比增大；循环周期内注氮/停注时间占比越大，驱替瓦斯效率差距不大，驱替瓦斯比减小。得到各因素对注氮增流效应的影响规律，随着轴压/围压增大，煤体渗透率减小；随着注氮压力增大，煤体渗透率增大；随着瓦斯压力增大，煤体渗透率差距不明显；循环周期内注氮/停注时间占比越大，各循环结束后煤体渗透率逐渐降低。

      实验煤样微孔/小孔发育，为气体吸附提供有利场所；迂曲度5.05~6.64，气体运移较困难。得到脉冲注氮驱替瓦斯机制，气体自身因素驱替机制包括：充能携载、分压促解、稀释促扩散；注能改性驱替机制包括：充能扩孔增渗、促解扩孔增渗、充能拓孔/贯通孔增渗。脉冲注氮方式具有常规注氮方式不具备的“脉冲气流损伤孔隙结构/展布裂隙网络”驱替机制。研究结果对于深化瓦斯吸附解吸渗流理论、注氮增流增透理论，提高矿井瓦斯抽采效率，提升瓦斯灾害防治与资源开发水平有重要意义。

      Coal seams in China generally have the characteristics of low permeability occurrence. Coal seam gas drainage is difficult, and the pressure of gas disaster prevention and control is high. Traditional borehole pre-drainage technology cannot overcome the low permeability problem of coal seam. Nitrogen injection technology for gas displacement can increase the internal pressure of coal and improve the seepage velocity of mixed gas. Nitrogen injection technology for gas displacement provides sufficient power and reliable migration channel for gas migration, which effectively improves gas drainage efficiency.

      The coal sample from Hudi Coal Mine was selected in this paper. Based on the self-developed coal measure gas-solid coupling comprehensive test system, the gas migration and coal weakening deformation laws in the whole process of CH₄/N₂ adsorption-desorption-seepage and pulse nitrogen injection gas displacement were carried out. The gas displacement efficiency and flow-increasing effect of nitrogen injection in the whole process of pulse nitrogen injection were analyzed, and the gas displacement mechanism of pulse nitrogen injection was discussed.

      Through CH₄/N₂ adsorption-desorption-seepage experiment, the gas migration law and coal weakening deformation law in the whole process of adsorption-desorption-seepage were obtained. CH₄/N₂ adsorption capacity increased with the increase of gas pressure. The adsorption expansion deformation increased with the increase of CH₄/N₂ adsorption amount. The axial deformation/circumferential deformation of coal and the adsorption amount of CH₄ and N₂ increased by exponential function and linear function respectively. With the increase of gas pressure, the desorption amount of CH₄/N₂ increased. Desorption shrinkage deformation increased with the increase of desorption amount of CH₄/N₂. The axial deformation /circumferential deformation of coal and the desorption amount of CH₄ and N₂ increased in quadratic function and exponential function respectively. The axial deformation /circumferential deformation of coal when the raw coal seepage gas balance was smaller than the coal axial deformation/circumferential deformation when the adsorption equilibrium was present.

      The gas migration law and coal weakening deformation law in the whole process of pulse nitrogen injection were obtained through the pulse nitrogen injection gas displacement experiment. The axial deformation of coal in each cycle period could be divided into three stages: gas injection compression deformation, adsorption expansion deformation, and desorption shrinkage deformation. The circumferential deformation of coal could be divided into three stages: gas injection expansion deformation, adsorption expansion deformation, and desorption shrinkage deformation. In the process of gas displacement by pulse nitrogen injection, the axial deformation/circumferential deformation of coal decreased with the increase of axial pressure/confining pressure or gas pressure. With the increase of nitrogen injection pressure, the axial deformation/circumferential deformation of coal increased. The greater the proportion of nitrogen injection time/stop injection time in the cycle period, the greater the shrinkage and deformation of coal is. The concentration of precipitated CH₄ showed an overall downward trend, and the concentration of precipitated N₂ showed an overall upward trend. During the nitrogen injection stage, the mixed gas flow increased, and nitrogen injection played an increasing role in gas migration. During the stop injection stage, the mixed gas flow decreased, and the flow was cut off to different extents. The problem of flow cut could be solved by reinjection of nitrogen.

      The influence law of each influencing factor on the characterization parameters of nitrogen injection displacement gas and the gas flow-increasing effect of nitrogen injection was obtained. With the increase of axial pressure/confining pressure, the displacement efficiency decreased, and the displacement gas ratio increased. With the increase of nitrogen injection pressure, the displacement gas efficiency increased, and the displacement gas ratio decreased. With the increase of gas pressure, the difference of displacement gas efficiency was small, and the displacement gas ratio increased. The larger the proportion of nitrogen injection time/stop injection time in the cycle period, the smaller the difference in displacement gas efficiency is and the smaller the displacement gas ratio is. The influence law of various influencing factors on nitrogen injection was obtained. With the increase of axial pressure/confining pressure, the permeability of coal decreased. With the increase of nitrogen injection pressure, the permeability of coal increased. With the increase of gas pressure, there was little difference in coal permeability. The greater the proportion of nitrogen injection time/stop injection time in the cycle period, the lower the coal permeability gradually decreased after end of each cycle.

      The micropores and keyhole of experimental coal sample were relatively developed, which provided a favorable place for gas adsorption. Coal sample tortuosity was 5.05~6.64, and gas migration was difficult. The mechanism of coal gas displacement by pulse nitrogen injection was obtained. The mechanism of gas displacement by gas own factors included: Energized carrying gas, Pressure separation for gas dissolution, Dilution promoting diffusion of gas. The displacement mechanism of energy injection modification included: Energized pore expansion and permeability increase, Promoting pore expansion and permeability increase, Energy-filled hole expansion/through hole permeability increase. In addition, the pulsed nitrogen injection method had the displacement mechanism of 'Pulsed air flow damage pore structure/distributed fracture network', Which was not available in conventional nitrogen injection method. The research results were of great significance for deepening the theory of gas adsorption and desorption seepage, the theory of nitrogen injection increasing flow and permeability, improving the efficiency of gas drainage, and improving the level of gas disaster prevention and resource development.

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