本文以解决矿山装备因耐磨失效问题为切入点，以提高矿山装备零部件的使用寿命和综合使用性能为目的，采用激光熔覆技术在35CrMoV钢表面制备不同含量CeO₂(0、2.0、4.0、6.0 wt.%)的耐磨Ni60涂层，研究不同CeO₂含量对Ni60合金中的宏观形貌和微观组织以及耐磨性的影响，以期获得裂纹较少甚至无裂纹且性能优异的熔覆层。为了进一步改善熔覆层缺陷提升熔覆层性能，通过后期不同温度的热处理(25℃、500℃、600℃、700℃)来改善CeO₂/Ni60激光熔覆复合涂层组织和物相形态及分布。最终研究CeO₂和热处理对Ni60激光熔覆层组织和性能的协同影响机理，以期获得高硬度和耐磨性能较好的熔覆层，最后确定最优热处理温度。研究内容和主要结论如下：

基于CeO₂添加的Ni60激光熔覆层形貌和组织调控分析。借助扫描电镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)分析测试手段，以Ni60激光熔覆层为研究对象，从宏观形貌和微观组织对激光熔覆过程中熔覆层的开裂及扩展行为进行了研究，揭示Ni60激光熔覆层裂纹形成机理。借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能谱(EDS)分析测试手段，结合熔覆层组织成分和物相变化，探究不同CeO₂含量对熔覆层物相结构变化的影响机理。借助透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析不同CeO₂含量的Ni60熔覆层共晶结构变化及层错位错分布。结果表明，添加4.0 wt.%CeO₂有效抑制了涂层开裂并改善涂层成型质量，同时促进晶粒细化，使合金元素富集程度降低，有效的提高了熔覆层的组织均匀性。

基于CeO₂添加的Ni60激光熔覆层性能调控分析。借助摩擦磨损试验研究不同CeO₂含量的Ni60熔覆层在相同载荷下的摩擦系数、磨损量及三维磨损形貌的变化规律，揭示增强相数量和分布对摩擦系数、磨损量和三维形貌的影响机理。借助X射线光电子能谱技术(XPS)分析摩擦层耐磨机理以及电子结合能、元素化合价变化。研究发现，随着CeO₂含量从2.0 wt.%增加到4.0 wt.%时，Ni60熔覆层的硬度值从635.47 HV₁下降到516.55 HV₁，磨损量从38312 μm³降至22736 μm³。当CeO₂含量为6.0wt.%时，熔覆层的硬度又上升到533.89 HV₁，磨损量增至28645 μm³。由此看出，虽然添加4.0 wt.%CeO₂的涂层硬度值较低，但耐磨性最好。此时，摩擦层的钝化膜主要由Ni(OH)₂、Fe₃O₄、Cr₂O₃、O-B组成，并且Ce⁴⁺的相对浓度和Ce³⁺的相对浓度几乎一致，使涂层具有优异的耐磨性。

基于热处理工艺的Ni60/CeO₂熔覆层组织和性能调控分析。借助马弗炉对Ni60+4.0 wt.%CeO₂合金熔覆层进行热处理，通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等分析测试手段，详细讨论稀土氧化物CeO₂和热处理温度对35CrMoV钢表面Ni60激光熔覆层组织和力学性能的耦合作用。研究发现，添加4.0 wt.%CeO₂的Ni60熔覆层在600℃热处理温度下的组织均匀程度、细化效果以及耐磨性最佳。

In this study, the wear-resistant Ni60 coating with different content of CeO₂(0,2.0, 4.0, 6.0 wt.%) was prepared on the surface of 35CrMoV steel by laser cladding technology to solve the problem of wear-resistant failure of mining equipment and improve the service life and comprehensive usability of mining equipment parts. The effects of CeO₂ on the macroscopic morphology, microstructure and wear resistance of Ni60 alloy were studied. Eventually, the coating was obtained with fewer cracks or even no cracks and excellent performance. In order to further improve the performance of cladding layer, the microstructure, phase distribution of CeO₂/Ni60 composite coating were ameliorated by different heat treatment temperatures (25℃, 500℃, 600℃, 700℃). The synergistic effect mechanism of CeO₂ and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of Ni60 laser cladding layer was studied to obtaining the coating with high hardness and wear resistance, and finally the optimal heat treatment temperature was determined. The research contents and main conclusions are as follows:

Study on morphology and microstructure of Ni60 laser cladding layer based on CeO₂ addition. The cracking and propagation behavior of Ni60 laser cladding layer during laser cladding process was studied from macro morphology and microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM), and the crack formation mechanism of Ni60 laser cladding layer was revealed. The influence mechanism of different CeO₂ content on the phase structure of the cladding layer was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and combined with the microstructure composition and phase change of cladding layer. The eutectic structure and dislocation distribution of Ni60 cladding layer with different CeO₂ content were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the addition of 4.0 wt.%CeO₂ can effectively inhibit the cracking of the coating. At the same time, grain refinement is promoted and the enrichment degree of alloying elements is reduced, which improves the microstructure uniformity of cladding layer.

Study on properties of Ni60 laser cladding layer based on CeO₂ addition. The variation of friction coefficient, wear quantity and three-dimensional wear morphology of Ni60 cladding with different CeO₂ contents under the same load was studied by friction and wear tests. The influence mechanism of the number and distribution of reinforcing phase on the friction coefficient, wear quantity and three-dimensional wear morphology was revealed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the wear mechanism of friction layer, the change of electron binding energy and elemental valence. It is found that with the increase of CeO₂ content from 2.0 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, the hardness of Ni60 cladding decreases from 635.47 HV₁ to 516.55 HV₁, and the wear decreases from 38312 μm³ to 22736 μm³. When CeO₂ content is 6.0wt.%, the hardness of the cladding layer increases to 533.89 HV₁, and the wear amount increases to 28645 μm³. The coating with 4.0 wt.%CeO₂ has a lower hardness but the best wear resistance. At this time, the passivation film of the friction layer is mainly composed of Ni(OH)₂, Fe₃O₄, Cr₂O₃ and O-B, and the relative concentration of Ce⁴⁺ is almost the same as that of Ce³⁺, which makes the wear resistance of the coating more excellent.

Study on microstructure and properties of Ni60/CeO₂ laser cladding layer based on heat treatment. The cladding layer of Ni60+4.0 wt.%CeO₂ alloy was heat treated by muffle furnace. The coupling effect of CeO₂ and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni60 laser cladding layer on 35CrMoV steel was discussed in detail by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis (EDS).The results show that the Ni60 cladding layer with 4.0 wt.%CeO₂ and heat treatment at 600℃ has the best microstructure uniformity, refinement effect and wear resistance.

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