液态二氧化碳相变致裂近年来在我国高瓦斯、低渗透矿井增透中应用广泛。液态二氧化碳相变致裂煤层增透过程存在应力波作用阶段和高压气体劈裂作用阶段，然而对致裂作用阶段的划分缺乏有效验证，且尚未完全掌握不同作用阶段的特征参数变化规律，对应力波与高压气体的协同作用机理研究不甚明晰。本文针对液态二氧化碳相变致裂的作用阶段、应力波与高压二氧化碳气体的协同作用机制等关键问题，通过液态二氧化碳相变致裂过程煤岩体速度场、应变场实验特征，确定不同作用阶段划分方法，构建液态二氧化碳相变应力波-高压气体耦合致裂理论模型，分析了不同作用阶段协同作用机理，利用数值模拟、物理模拟和现场试验相结合的研究方法，对协同作用机理进行验证，该研究对矿井瓦斯灾害防治具有重要的理论与现实意义。本文主要成果如下：

（1）构建了判别函数，划分了液态二氧化碳相变致裂作用阶段，揭示了不同作用阶段下的应变场、速度场特征参数变化规律。研究发现，液态二氧化碳相变致裂过程存在两个作用阶段：0~1.551ms时，加速度波形仅存在单一波峰，符合应力波衰减特征，在爆破孔附近产生应力集中，为应力波作用阶段。其峰值加速度为25.46g，峰值能量为9.48×10¹⁰(μm/s)²，第一主应变峰值为0.0049，判别函数峰值为0.678。1.551~12.606ms时，加速度波形存在相对较长时间作用的多个连续衰减波峰，符合气体劈裂特征，产生应力局部化带后裂纹尖端逐渐扩展，为二氧化碳气体劈裂作用阶段。其峰值加速度为6.527g，峰值能量为1.47×10⁷(μm/s)²，第一主应变峰值为0.043，判别函数峰值为2.406。

（2）构建了液态二氧化碳相变致裂应力波-高压气体耦合致裂理论模型。通过建立液态二氧化碳相变致裂物理模型，理论分析了应力波和高压二氧化碳气体劈裂作用两个阶段的力学特性，研究了两阶段过程中煤岩体位移、振动速度等参数变化特征，确定了应力波作用形成三区及高压二氧化碳气体劈裂作用新增三区的范围，理论分析了相变致裂过程流体压力分布，煤岩体位移场、速度场特征及损伤度特性。

（3）采用颗粒流方法建立了离散元数值计算模型，对相变致裂理论模型进行了验证。阐明了液态二氧化碳相变致裂过程的应力场、速度场、裂隙场特征变化规律及煤岩体损

伤特性，确定了液态二氧化碳相变致裂的有效致裂范围，研究了应力波和高压二氧化碳气体劈裂的协同作用机制。80MPa，120MPa，160MPa和200MPa初始致裂压力下，不同初始致裂压力下液态二氧化碳相变致裂的有效致抽采范围，分别为2.92m，3.12m，3.34m和3.44m，煤岩体损伤度均在0.660~0.845之间。

（4）开展了液态二氧化碳相变致裂物理模拟实验，研究了耦合破坏分区特征，验证了理论模型的有效致裂范围。物理模拟实验条件下等效致裂范围为3.15m，物理模型最大主应变为0.0125，煤岩体振动速度主要分布在0~100Hz的低频带。粉碎区煤岩体所受压力为-0.0121MPa，最大振动能量为140(μm/s)²；裂隙区煤岩体所受压力为-0.00078MPa，振动峰值速度能量为25.2(μm/s)²。

（5）开展液态二氧化碳相变致裂煤层增透现场工业实验，分析并检验了相变有效致裂范围，验证了液态二氧化碳相变致裂增透机理。确定了实验工作面的有效抽采布孔间距为3.2m，对瓦斯抽采浓度及流量进行了现场检测，并对致裂增透效果进行了考察。

In recent years, the liquid carbon dioxide phase change enhancement technology for coal bed methane has gained significant prominence, extensively applied in high methane content and low permeability mines throughout China. Presently, this action process involves two distinct stage: the stress wave stage and the high-pressure gas splitting stage, both aimed at improving coal seam permeability. Nevertheless, the division of the blasting action stage lacks effective verification, and a comprehensive understanding of the laws governing characteristic parameters during different action stages remains incomplete. As a result, the research into the synergistic mechanism between stress waves and high-pressure gas remains less than fully clear. This article squarely addresses vital issues, including the action stages of liquid carbon dioxide phase change blasting and the synergistic mechanisms between stress waves and high-pressure gas. Furthermore, it conducts experimental tests to unveil the change characteristics of velocity and strain fields within coal and rock formations during the process of liquid carbon dioxide phase change blasting. Determine the method of dividing different stages of action. Establishes a theoretical model that couples liquid carbon dioxide phase change blasting stress waves with high-pressure gas. Analyzed the synergistic mechanism of different stages of action. Utilizing numerical simulations, physical experiments, and on-site testing, this research offers an essential validation of the synergistic mechanism, bearing crucial theoretical and practical significance in the realm of mine gas disaster prevention and control. The key achievements are as follows:

(1) By using the constructed discriminant function, we delineated the stages of liquid carbon dioxide phase blasting. And conducted a comprehensive investigation into the characteristics of strain field and velocity field parameters across various phases. The study found that the process of liquid carbon dioxide phase blasting can be segmented into two

stages: occurring from 0 to 1.551 ms, The acceleration waveform only has a single peak, which conforms to the attenuation characteristics of stress waves and generates stress concentration near the blasting hole, which is the stage of stress wave action. The characterized by a peak acceleration of 25.46 g and peak energy of 9.48 × 10¹⁰ (μm/s)². The highest value for the maximum principal strain is 0.0049, and the peak value of the discriminant function is 0.678. Subsequently, from 1.551 to 12.606 ms, the acceleration waveform has multiple continuous attenuation peaks that act for a relatively long time, which conforms to the characteristics of gas splitting. After the formation of stress localization bands, the crack tip gradually expands, marking the stage of carbon dioxide gas splitting. The peak acceleration of 6.527 g and peak energy of 1.47 × 10⁷ (μm/s)². The peak value of the maximum principal strain during this stage is 0.043, and the peak value of the discriminant function is 2.406.

(2) A theoretical model has been developed to understand the synergistic enhancement of fracturing through the interaction of stress waves and high-pressure gas during liquid carbon dioxide phase blasting. This model comprises the physical and theoretical aspects of liquid carbon dioxide phase change blasting. It analysis the mechanical characteristics within the two stages of stress wave and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas splitting, as well as a comprehensive examination of the evolving patterns of coal rock mass displacement and vibration speed during these distinct stages. Moreover, it defining the range of three zones influenced by stress wave action and an additional three zones introduced by the influence of high-pressure carbon dioxide gas. Theoretical analyses have been performed to comprehend the extent of damage and the effective cracking range.

(3) To validate the theoretical model of phase change blasting, a discrete element numerical calculation model was established, using the particle flow method. This model allowed for the elucidation of the principles evolving patterns stress fields, velocity fields, crack formations, and damage characteristics during the process of liquid carbon dioxide phase blasting. Additionally, it determination of the effective range of liquid carbon dioxide phase blasting. The synergistic mechanisms involving stress waves and high-pressure gas fracturing were thoroughly investigated. Under various initiation pressures (80 MPa, 120 MPa, 160 MPa, and 200 MPa), the effective extraction ranges for liquid carbon dioxide phase blasting were determined to be 2.92 m, 3.12 m, 3.34 m, and 3.44 m, respectively. The degree of damage sustained by coal and rock masses under different blasting pressures ranged from 0.660 to

0.845.

(4) Physical simulation experiments were undertaken to validate the theoretical model's effective cracking range and investigate the characteristics of coupling failure zones in the context of liquid carbon dioxide phase blasting. It was determined that the effective extraction range is 3.15m, the maximum principal strain of the physical model is 0.0125, and the vibration velocity of coal and rock masses primarily falls within the low-frequency range of 0~100 Hz. Within the crushing area, the pressure on the coal and rock mass at -0.0121 MPa, with a maximum vibration energy of 140 (μm/s)². In contrast, the pressure on the coal and rock mass within the fracture zone is -0.00078 MPa, while the peak vibration velocity energy reaches 25.2 (μm/s)².

(5) On-site industrial experiments were carried out to analysis and testing the methane extraction range. These experiments served to validate the underlying mechanism of liquid carbon dioxide phase change blasting. The optimal spacing between the methane extraction holes on the experimental working face was established at 3.2 m. Furthermore, methane extraction concentration and flow rates were directly assessed on-site to investigate the impact of fracturing and permeability enhancement.

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